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Possible sanxian (left) and pipa, from a 762-827 A.D. painting in the Mogao caves near Dunhuang―Grotto 46 Left interior wall, second panel. Also called cave 112. It has been suggested that sanxian, a form of spike lute, may have its origin in the Middle East, and older forms of spike lute were also found in ancient Egypt. [1]
Sanxian – plucked lute with body covered with snakeskin and long fretless neck; the ancestor of the Japanese shamisen Duxianqin ( simplified Chinese : 独弦琴 ; traditional Chinese : 獨弦琴 ) – the instrument of the Jing people (Vietnamese people in China), a plucked, monochord zither with only one string, tuned to C3.
Đàn sến - two-string lute derived from the Chinese meihuaqin; Đàn tam - fretless lute derived from the Chinese sanxian with snakeskin-covered body and three strings: tuned F3 C4 F4; Đàn tranh - long zither derived from the Chinese guzheng; Đàn tỳ bà - pear-shaped lute with four strings derived from the Chinese pipa; tuned C4 F4 G4 C5
The plucked string section is unique to Chinese orchestra due to the large number of traditional Chinese lute-type instruments. [14] The orchestra moved to Taiwan after the Communist victory in 1949. [12] A number of folk ensembles were established in the 1950s in the PRC, the first of these was the Shanghai Chinese Orchestra.
The shamisen , also known as sangen or samisen (all meaning "three strings"), is a three-stringed traditional Japanese musical instrument derived from the Chinese instrument sanxian. It is played with a plectrum called a bachi .
Sanxian – plucked lute with three strings, the small "southern" type is used, tuned to D3, A3, D4. Qinqin – plucked lute, tuned to D3, A3, (optional 3rd string is tuned to D3) Guban – Wooden clapper and small drum (biqigu, diangu, or huaigu) Several other instruments sometimes are also used:
The other four, known as the téng-sì-kóan or four higher instruments, are the four-stringed lute (gî-pê, or pipa 琵琶in Mandarin), a three-stringed, fretless, snakeskin-headed long-necked lute that is the ancestor of the Japanese shamisen, called the sam-hiân, (sanxian三弦 in Mandarin), the vertical flute, (siau (簫), also called ...
Shi's performances, accompanied by sanxian (lute) playing, would attract audience of thousands. [2] This story proved so popular that publishing houses and sellers began acquiring hand-written manuscripts to be circulated and sold. [3]