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The encomienda system was generally replaced by the crown-managed repartimiento system throughout Spanish America after mid-sixteenth century. [8] Like the encomienda, the new repartimiento did not include the attribution of land to anyone, rather only the allotment of native workers. But they were directly allotted to the Crown, who, through a ...
Another form of forced labor used in the New World with origins in Spain was the encomienda, on the model of the award of the labor to Christian victors over Muslims during the reconquista. This institution of forced labor was initially employed by the Spaniards in the Canary Islands following their conquest, but the Guanche (Canarian ...
Hacienda Lealtad is a working coffee hacienda which used slave labor in the 19th century, located in Lares, Puerto Rico. [1]A hacienda (UK: / ˌ h æ s i ˈ ɛ n d ə / HASS-ee-EN-də or US: / ˌ h ɑː s i ˈ ɛ n d ə / HAH-see-EN-də; Spanish: or ) is an estate (or finca), similar to a Roman latifundium, in Spain and the former Spanish Empire.
The labor system of Encomienda was also abolished in 1550. [3] However these laws did not end the practice of slavery or forced labor immediately and a new system began to be used repartimiento and mita in Peru. Eventually this system too was abolished due to abuses. [3]
This was partially due to the glut of Indians, both enslaved and free, who were available to work in the mines. Through practices such as encomienda, the repartimento and mita labor drafts, and later, wage labor, Spanish colonial authorities were able to compel Indians to participate in the backbreaking labor of the silver mines. [30]
Polo y servicio was the forced labor system without compensation [1] imposed upon the local population in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period. [2] In concept, it was similar to Repartimiento, a forced labor system used in the Spanish America. [3] The word polo refers to community work, and the laborer was called polista. [4]
This practice was known as the encomienda system and granted free native labor to the Spaniards. Based upon the practice of exacting tribute from Muslims and Jews during the Reconquista, the Spanish Crown granted a number of native laborers to an encomendero, who was usually a conquistador or other prominent Spanish male. Under the grant, they ...
Most Spanish settlers came to the Indies as permanent residents, established families and businesses, and sought advancement in the colonial system, such as membership of cabildos, so that they were in the hands of local, American-born (crillo) elites. During the Bourbon era, even when the crown systematically appointed peninsular-born ...