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The Karankawa's autonym is Né-ume, meaning "the people". [1]The name Karakawa has numerous spellings in Spanish, French, and English. [1] [12]Swiss-American ethnologist Albert S. Gatschet wrote that the name Karakawa may have come from the Comecrudo terms klam or glám, meaning "dog", and kawa, meaning "to love, like, to be fond of."
Texas has "no legal mechanism to recognize tribes," as journalists Graham Lee Brewer and Tristan Ahtone wrote. [7] The Texas Commission for Indian Affairs, later Texas Indian Commission, only dealt with the three federally recognized tribes and did not work with any state-recognized tribes before being dissolved in 1989. [2]
Indian tribes of the lower Mississippi valley and adjacent coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin (No. 43). Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. Villiers du Terrage, Marc de; & Rivet, Paul. (1919). Les indiens du Texas et les expéditions françaises de 1720 et 1721 à la 'Baie Saint-Bernard'.
Mannequin of a Spanish priest and an Indigenous man in Mission Nuestra Señora del Espíritu Santo de Zúñiga. Many Aranama people moved to Mission Nuestra Señora del Espíritu Santo de Zúñiga at its second and third locations. [3]
Most of the bands apparently numbered between 100 and 500 people. The total population of non-agricultural Indians, including the Coahuiltecan, in northeastern Mexico and neighboring Texas at the time of first contact with the Spanish has been estimated by two different scholars as 86,000 and 100,000. [1]
3 History. 4 References. ... The Copano lived along the Gulf Coast of Texas, ... Copane, Coopane, and Kopano Indians. [1] El Copano Port was named for the tribe, ...
Hurricane Carla, Texas' largest storm on record, struck the coast in 1961 causing substantial flooding and damage in Texas City and other communities. [45] Loss of life was minimal thanks to evacuation efforts. Expansion of the flood control dike and construction on the Texas City seawall occurred a result. The project was completed in 1985. [43]
Indianola, Texas in 1875. From its founding in 1846, Indianola served as a major port, and before the 1875 storm was second only to Galveston, Texas as Texas' primary port. [12] [page needed] Charles Morgan established Indianola as a port of call for his gulf coast steamship line in 1849. [13] The town was incorporated in 1853.