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One example where a deque can be used is the work stealing algorithm. [9] This algorithm implements task scheduling for several processors. A separate deque with threads to be executed is maintained for each processor. To execute the next thread, the processor gets the first element from the deque (using the "remove first element" deque operation).
If its deque is empty, it starts work stealing, explained below. An instruction may cause a thread to die. The behavior in this case is the same as for an instruction that stalls. An instruction may enable another thread. The other thread is pushed onto the bottom of the deque, but the processor continues execution of its current thread.
Queues may be implemented as a separate data type, or maybe considered a special case of a double-ended queue (deque) and not implemented separately. For example, Perl and Ruby allow pushing and popping an array from both ends, so one can use push and shift functions to enqueue and dequeue a list (or, in reverse, one can use unshift and pop ...
This behavior can be axiomatized in various ways. For example, a common VDM (Vienna Development Method) description of a stack defines top (peek) and remove as atomic, where top returns the top value (without modifying the stack), and remove modifies the stack (without returning a value). [1] In this case pop is defined in terms of top and remove.
One example application of the double-ended priority queue is external sorting. In an external sort, there are more elements than can be held in the computer's memory. The elements to be sorted are initially on a disk and the sorted sequence is to be left on the disk. The external quick sort is implemented using the DEPQ as follows:
In the example, 1 & 2 were the first to enter the circular buffer, they are the first to be removed, leaving 3 inside of the buffer. If the buffer has 7 elements, then it is completely full: A property of the circular buffer is that when it is full and a subsequent write is performed, then it starts overwriting the oldest data.
An example spangram with corresponding theme words: PEAR, FRUIT, BANANA, APPLE, etc. Need a hint? Find non-theme words to get hints. For every 3 non-theme words you find, you earn a hint.
Python's heapq module implements a binary min-heap on top of a list. Java's library contains a PriorityQueue class, which implements a min-priority-queue as a binary heap. .NET's library contains a PriorityQueue class, which implements an array-backed, quaternary min-heap.