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1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC, EDAC or EDCI) is a water-soluble carbodiimide usually handled as the hydrochloride. [1] It is typically employed in the 4.0-6.0 pH range. It is generally used as a carboxyl activating agent for the coupling of primary amines to yield amide bonds.
In chemistry, aminolysis (/am·i·nol·y·sis/) is any chemical reaction in which a molecule is lysed (split into two parts) by reacting with ammonia (NH 3) or an amine. [1] The case where the reaction involves ammonia may be more specifically referred to as ammonolysis .
[1] Initiation factors can interact with repressors to slow down or prevent translation. They have the ability to interact with activators to help them start or increase the rate of translation. In bacteria, they are simply called IFs (i.e.., IF1, IF2, & IF3) and in eukaryotes they are known as eIFs (i.e.., eIF1, eIF2, eIF3). [1]
In chemistry, ammonolysis (/am·mo·nol·y·sis/) is the process of splitting ammonia into + +. [1] Ammonolysis reactions can be conducted with organic compounds to produce amines (molecules containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair, :N), [2] or with inorganic compounds to produce nitrides.
IF-1 mutants can exhibit cold-sensitive phenotypes, indicating a role for the factor in cold shock adaptation. [15] Certain mutations also lead to o of genes at low temperatures, suggesting IF-1 is involved in gene regulation. [16] IF-1 actively modifies ribosome structure and dynamics during initiation, in addition to just blocking the A-site.
The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: NEM [permanent dead link ]; The bifunctional analogues such as p-NN′-phenylenebismaleimide can be used as cross-linking reagent for cystine residues.
The RM system was first discovered by Salvatore Luria and Mary Human in 1952 and 1953. [1] [2] They found that a bacteriophage growing within an infected bacterium could be modified, so that upon their release and re-infection of a related bacterium the bacteriophage's growth is restricted (inhibited; also described by Luria in his autobiography on pages 45 and 99 in 1984). [3]
Bacterial effectors are proteins secreted by pathogenic bacteria into the cells of their host, usually using a type 3 secretion system (TTSS/T3SS), a type 4 secretion system (TFSS/T4SS) or a Type VI secretion system (T6SS). [1] Some bacteria inject only a few effectors into their host’s cells while others may inject dozens or even hundreds.