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Ian Edginton is known for his steampunk/alternate history work (often with the artist D'Israeli) and is the co-creator of Scarlet Traces, a sequel to H. G. Wells' The War of the Worlds, which they later went on to adapt in turn, and The Great Game, a sequel to Scarlet Traces.
The Battle of Ascalon took place on 12 August 1099 shortly after the capture of Jerusalem, and is often considered the last action of the First Crusade. [7] The crusader army led by Godfrey of Bouillon defeated and drove off a Fatimid army. [8] The Crusaders completed their primary objective of capturing Jerusalem on 15 July 1099.
The Albigensian Crusade was a defence of the French Church, the Northern Crusades were campaigns conquering lands beloved of Christ's mother Mary for Christianity. [217] Inspired by the First Crusade, the crusading movement went on to define late medieval western culture and impacted the history of the western Islamic world. [218]
The Second Crusade occurred after the Crusader city of Edessa fell to the Seljuk Turkic forces of Imad al-Din Zengi in 1144. [13] [14] Zengi's expansionism out of northern Syria around that time also led the emir of Damascus, Mujir ad-Din, to conclude an alliance with the Kingdom of Jerusalem in 1140 to protect his independence.
[note 2] [9] According to modern historians, Raynald came to the Kingdom of Jerusalem in Louis VII's army during the Second Crusade in 1147, [note 3] and stayed behind when the French abandoned the military campaign two years later. [11] [9] Early in 1153, he is known to have fought in the army of Baldwin III of Jerusalem during the siege of ...
That said the Cretan War (1645–1669), the Battle of Vienna, and the Holy League (1684) were all supported with crusade indulgences and taxation. By the 18th century the crusading movement ended practical terms, although the Hospitallers continued. [ 124 ]
Urban II dies, never knowing that his crusade was successful. [100] 1 August. Arnulf of Chocques is elected as the first Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem. [151] 12 August. The First Crusade ends with the successful Battle of Ascalon, defeating the Fatimids under Al-Afdal Shahanshah. [s] [153] 13 August. Paschal II is elected pope. [154] 15 October 15.
The town of Ramla lay on the road from Jerusalem to Ascalon, the latter of which was the largest Fatimid fortress in Palestine.From Ascalon the Fatimid vizier, Al-Afdal Shahanshah, launched almost annual attacks into the newly founded Crusader kingdom from 1099 to 1107.