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The Toyota Production System (TPS) is an integrated socio-technical system, developed by Toyota, that comprises its management philosophy and practices. The TPS is a management system [ 1 ] that organizes manufacturing and logistics for the automobile manufacturer, including interaction with suppliers and customers.
The Toyota Way is a set of principles defining the organizational culture of Toyota Motor Corporation. [1] [2] The company formalized the Toyota Way in 2001, after decades of academic research into the Toyota Production System and its implications for lean manufacturing as a methodology that other organizations could adopt. [3]
Lean enterprise is a practice focused on value creation for the end customer with minimal waste and processes. [4] The term has historically been associated with lean manufacturing and Six Sigma (or Lean Six Sigma) due to lean principles being popularized by Toyota in the automobile manufacturing industry and subsequently the electronics and internet software industries.
Lean Six Sigma is a synergized managerial concept of Lean and Six Sigma. [6] Lean traditionally focuses on eliminating the eight kinds of waste ("muda"), and Six Sigma focuses on improving process output quality by identifying and removing the causes of defects (errors) and minimizing variability in (manufacturing and business) processes.
[2] The tool has seen use beyond Toyota, and is now used within Kaizen, lean manufacturing, lean construction and Six Sigma. The five whys were initially developed to understand why new product features or manufacturing techniques were needed, and was not developed for root cause analysis. In other companies, it appears in other forms.
Six Sigma (6σ) is a set of techniques and tools for process improvement.It was introduced by American engineer Bill Smith while working at Motorola in 1986. [1] [2]Six Sigma strategies seek to improve manufacturing quality by identifying and removing the causes of defects and minimizing variability in manufacturing and business processes.
However, the Japanese car parts were virtually identical to each other, and much closer to the nominal values for the parts—e.g., if a part was supposed to be one foot long, plus or minus 1/8 of an inch (300 mm ± 3 mm)—then the Japanese parts were all within 1 ⁄ 16 of an inch (1.6 mm), less variation. This made the Japanese cars run more ...
Taiichi Ohno, "father" of the Toyota Production System, originally identified seven forms of muda or waste: [6] Seven types of waste identified in lean manufacturing. A mnemonic may be useful for remembering the categories of waste, such as TIM WOOD or TIM WOODS (with the S referring to Skills). [7]