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  2. Perturbation theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perturbation_theory

    An approximate 'perturbation solution' is obtained by truncating the series, often keeping only the first two terms, the solution to the known problem and the 'first order' perturbation correction. Perturbation theory is used in a wide range of fields and reaches its most sophisticated and advanced forms in quantum field theory.

  3. Perturbation theory (quantum mechanics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perturbation_theory...

    6.1 Example of first-order perturbation theory ... perturbation theory is a set of approximation schemes directly related to mathematical perturbation for describing ...

  4. Singular perturbation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singular_perturbation

    Singular perturbation theory is a rich and ongoing area of exploration for mathematicians, physicists, and other researchers. The methods used to tackle problems in this field are many. The more basic of these include the method of matched asymptotic expansions and WKB approximation for spatial problems, and in time, the Poincaré–Lindstedt ...

  5. Poincaré–Lindstedt method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poincaré–Lindstedt_method

    In perturbation theory, the Poincaré–Lindstedt method or Lindstedt–Poincaré method is a technique for uniformly approximating periodic solutions to ordinary differential equations, when regular perturbation approaches fail.

  6. Degenerate energy levels - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degenerate_energy_levels

    Some examples of two-dimensional electron systems achieved experimentally include MOSFET, two-dimensional superlattices of Helium, Neon, Argon, Xenon etc. and surface of liquid Helium. The presence of degenerate energy levels is studied in the cases of Particle in a box and two-dimensional harmonic oscillator , which act as useful mathematical ...

  7. Fermi's golden rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi's_golden_rule

    In quantum physics, Fermi's golden rule is a formula that describes the transition rate (the probability of a transition per unit time) from one energy eigenstate of a quantum system to a group of energy eigenstates in a continuum, as a result of a weak perturbation.

  8. Perturbation function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perturbation_function

    In mathematical optimization, the perturbation function is any function which relates to primal and dual problems. The name comes from the fact that any such function defines a perturbation of the initial problem.

  9. Perturbation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perturbation

    Perturbation or perturb may refer to: Perturbation theory, mathematical methods that give approximate solutions to problems that cannot be solved exactly; Perturbation (geology), changes in the nature of alluvial deposits over time; Perturbation (astronomy), alterations to an object's orbit (e.g., caused by gravitational interactions with other ...