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Philodemus' work On Frank Criticism showed that spiritual guidance should be based on freedom of speech and mutual respect between master and pupil. A physician like Galen, not affiliated to any school of philosophy, recommended to follow spiritual guidance from an aged and experienced man before attempting self-examination. [1]
Uncapitalised, the word, in English, is an obsolete term for animism and other religious practices involving the invocation of spiritual beings, including shamanism. Spiritual evolution : The philosophical / theological / esoteric idea that nature and human beings and/or human culture evolve along a predetermined cosmological pattern or ascent ...
In Indian religions, both Hinduism and Buddhism, upadeśa is the spiritual instruction and example provided by the guru: . The guru does not merely ask his disciple to perform a task; he helps him by remaining by his side and directing him, indeed remaining close to his heart and showing the pupil the path he must follow in this life.
The meaning of spirituality has developed and expanded over time, and various meanings can be found alongside each other. [1] [2] [3] [note 1] Traditionally, spirituality is referred to a religious process of re-formation which "aims to recover the original shape of man", [note 2] oriented at "the image of God" [4] [5] as exemplified by the founders and sacred texts of the religions of the world.
Theresa Caputo, the Long Island-based, Pigasus Award-winning "medium" of the reality TV series Long Island Medium, simply calls her guide "Spirit", claiming that it is an entity that she has been able to sense since she was four years old.
The spiritual guidance function known in many Christian denominations as "pastoral care" is fulfilled for many Muslims by a murshid ("guide"), a master of the spiritual sciences and disciplines known as tasawuf or Sufism. Sufi guides are commonly styled Shaikh in both speaking and writing; in North Africa they are sometimes called marabouts.
The word "providence" comes from Latin providentia meaning foresight or prudence, and that in turn from pro-"ahead" and videre "to see". [3] The current use of the word in the secular sense refers to foresight, or "timely preparation for eventualities", [4] or (if one is a deist or an atheist) "nature as providing protective care". [5]
The Pali word "yoga", central to many early Buddhist texts, has been often translated as "Spiritual Practice". [9] In Burmese Buddhist tradition, Awgatha is a formulaic prayer that is recited to initiate acts of Buddhist devotion , including obeisance to the Buddha and Buddhist monks . [ 10 ]