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EAX mode (encrypt-then-authenticate-then-translate [1]) is a mode of operation for cryptographic block ciphers. It is an Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data algorithm designed to simultaneously provide both authentication and privacy of the message (authenticated encryption) with a two-pass scheme, one pass for achieving privacy and one for authenticity for each block.
Authenticated Encryption (AE) is an encryption scheme which simultaneously assures the data confidentiality (also known as privacy: the encrypted message is impossible to understand without the knowledge of a secret key [1]) and authenticity (in other words, it is unforgeable: [2] the encrypted message includes an authentication tag that the sender can calculate only while possessing the ...
In addition to authentication and encryption, OTR provides forward secrecy and malleable encryption. The primary motivation behind the protocol was providing deniable authentication for the conversation participants while keeping conversations confidential, like a private conversation in real life, or off the record in journalism sourcing. This ...
Message authentication is typically achieved by using message authentication codes (MACs), authenticated encryption (AE), or digital signatures. [2] The message authentication code, also known as digital authenticator, is used as an integrity check based on a secret key shared by two parties to authenticate information transmitted between them. [4]
Mutual authentication is a desired characteristic in verification schemes that transmit sensitive data, in order to ensure data security. [1] [2] Mutual authentication can be accomplished with two types of credentials: usernames and passwords, and public key certificates. Mutual authentication is often employed in the Internet of Things (IoT ...
A cipher suite is as secure as the algorithms that it contains. If the version of encryption or authentication algorithm in a cipher suite have known vulnerabilities the cipher suite and TLS connection may then be vulnerable. Therefore, a common attack against TLS and cipher suites is known as a downgrade attack. A downgrade in TLS occurs when ...
Poly1305 is a universal hash family designed by Daniel J. Bernstein in 2002 for use in cryptography. [1] [2]As with any universal hash family, Poly1305 can be used as a one-time message authentication code to authenticate a single message using a secret key shared between sender and recipient, [3] similar to the way that a one-time pad can be used to conceal the content of a single message ...
The basic concept of the three-pass protocol is that each party has a private encryption key and a private decryption key. The two parties use their keys independently, first to encrypt the message, and then to decrypt the message. The protocol uses an encryption function E and a decryption function D.