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A fir tree snag among living fir trees. In forest ecology, a snag refers to a standing dead or dying tree, often missing a top or most of the smaller branches.In freshwater ecology it refers to trees, branches, and other pieces of naturally occurring wood found sunken in rivers and streams; it is also known as coarse woody debris.
Coarse woody debris (CWD) or coarse woody habitat (CWH) refers to fallen dead trees and the remains of large branches on the ground in forests [1] and in rivers or wetlands. [2] A dead standing tree – known as a snag – provides many of the same functions as coarse woody debris. The minimum size required for woody debris to be defined as ...
Salvage logging is the practice of logging trees in forest areas that have been damaged by wildfire, flood, severe wind, disease, insect infestation, or other natural disturbance in order to recover economic value that would otherwise be lost.
[16] [page needed] On the other hand, a healthy ecosystem with good management practices can reduce the chance of these events happening, or will at least mitigate adverse impacts. [50] Eliminating swamps—the habitat of pests such as mosquitoes —has contributed to the prevention of diseases such as malaria . [ 51 ]
Wildlife management is the management process influencing interactions among and between wildlife, its habitats and people to achieve predefined impacts. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Wildlife management can include wildlife conservation , population control , gamekeeping , wildlife contraceptive and pest control .
Select trees as candidates for removal by considering how abundant and redundant their structures and functions are to the rest of the forest as a whole, leaving potential wildlife trees (to become snags and coarse woody debris). 8 The forest should be allowed to regenerate trees through the seeds from the trees in the logged areas.
The forest is a natural system that can supply different products and services. Forests supply water, mitigate climate change, provide habitats for wildlife including many pollinators which are essential for sustainable food production, provide timber and fuelwood, serve as a source of non-wood forest products including food and medicine, and contribute to rural livelihoods.
Even-aged timber management is a group of forest management practices employed to achieve a nearly coeval cohort group of forest trees. [1] The practice of even-aged management is often pursued to minimize costs to loggers. In some cases, the practices of even aged timber management are frequently implicated in biodiversity loss and other ...