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  2. ROT13 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROT13

    ROT13 is a simple letter substitution cipher that replaces a letter with the 13th letter after it in the Latin alphabet. ROT13 is a special case of the Caesar cipher which was developed in ancient Rome, used by Julius Caesar in the 1st century BC. [1] An early entry on the Timeline of cryptography.

  3. Aristocrat Cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristocrat_Cipher

    The Aristocrat Cipher is a type of monoalphabetic substitution cipher in which plaintext is replaced with ciphertext and encoded into assorted letters, numbers, and symbols based on a keyword. The formatting of these ciphers generally includes a title, letter frequency, keyword indicators, and the encoder's nom de plume . [ 1 ]

  4. Substitution cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution_cipher

    In cryptography, a substitution cipher is a method of encrypting in which units of plaintext are replaced with the ciphertext, in a defined manner, with the help of a key; the "units" may be single letters (the most common), pairs of letters, triplets of letters, mixtures of the above, and so forth. The receiver deciphers the text by performing ...

  5. S-box - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-box

    In cryptography, an S-box (substitution-box) is a basic component of symmetric key algorithms which performs substitution. In block ciphers, they are typically used to obscure the relationship between the key and the ciphertext, thus ensuring Shannon's property of confusion. Mathematically, an S-box is a nonlinear [1] vectorial Boolean function ...

  6. Ciphertext - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciphertext

    Polygraphic substitution cipher: the unit of substitution is a sequence of two or more letters rather than just one (e.g., Playfair cipher) Transposition cipher: the ciphertext is a permutation of the plaintext (e.g., rail fence cipher) Historical ciphers are not generally used as a standalone encryption technique because they are quite easy to ...

  7. Substitution–permutation network - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution–permutation...

    This substitution should be one-to-one, to ensure invertibility (hence decryption). In particular, the length of the output should be the same as the length of the input (the picture on the right has S-boxes with 4 input and 4 output bits), which is different from S-boxes in general that could also change the length, as in Data Encryption ...

  8. Cryptogram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptogram

    Generally the cipher used to encrypt the text is simple enough that the cryptogram can be solved by hand. Substitution ciphers where each letter is replaced by a different letter, number, or symbol are frequently used. To solve the puzzle, one must recover the original lettering.

  9. Four-square cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-square_cipher

    The four-square cipher is a manual symmetric encryption technique. [1] It was invented by the French cryptographer Felix Delastelle.. The technique encrypts pairs of letters (digraphs), and falls into a category of ciphers known as polygraphic substitution ciphers.