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A vacuum ejector, or simply ejector, or aspirator, is a type of vacuum pump, which produces vacuum by means of the Venturi effect.. In an ejector, a working fluid (liquid or gaseous) flows through a jet nozzle into a tube that first narrows and then expands in cross-sectional area.
The vacuum brake is a braking system employed on trains and introduced in the mid-1860s. A variant, the automatic vacuum brake system, became almost universal in British train equipment and in countries influenced by British practice. Vacuum brakes also enjoyed a brief period of adoption in the United States, primarily on narrow-gauge railroads.
Water injection wells may be located on- and offshore, to increase oil recovery from an existing reservoir. Normally only 30% of the oil in a reservoir can be extracted, but water injection increases the recovery (known as the recovery factor) and maintains the production rate of a reservoir over a longer period.
Even in systems which are continually evacuated by a vacuum pump, getters are also used to remove residual gas, often to achieve a higher vacuum than the pump could achieve alone. Although it is often present in minute amounts and has no moving parts, a getter behaves in itself as a vacuum pump. It is an ultimate chemical sink for reactive gases.
The vacuum booster or vacuum servo is used in most modern hydraulic brake systems which contain four wheels, the vacuum booster is attached between the master cylinder and the brake pedal and multiplies the braking force applied by the driver.
A pump of this type is capable of producing high vacuum in which the pressure is 1 mPa. [1] The Sprengel pump is a vacuum pump that uses drops of mercury falling through a small-bore capillary tube to trap air from the system to be evacuated. [Note 1] It was invented by Hanover-born chemist Hermann Sprengel in 1865 while he was working in ...
Automatic brakes on the other hand use the air or vacuum pressure to hold the brakes off against a reservoir carried on each vehicle, which applies the brakes if pressure/vacuum is lost in the train pipe. Automatic brakes are thus largely "fail safe", though faulty closure of hose taps can lead to accidents such as the Gare de Lyon accident.
A simple control system for a water well. Referring to the figure on the left, a submersible water pump is installed in a well.The pressure switch turns the water pump on when it senses a pressure that is less than P lo and turns it off when it senses a pressure greater than P hi.