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Shaft mining or shaft sinking is the action of excavating a mine shaft from the top down, where there is initially no access to the bottom. [1] Shallow shafts , typically sunk for civil engineering projects, differ greatly in execution method from deep shafts, typically sunk for mining projects.
The Mysłowice-Wesoła coal mine is a large mine in the south of Poland in Katowice, Silesian Voivodeship, 260 km south-west of the capital, Warsaw. Mysłowice-Wesoła represents one of the largest coal reserve in Poland having estimated reserves of 232 million tonnes of coal. [1] The annual coal production is around 3 million tonnes.
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On October 20, 1877, the shaft reached the hard rock layer of the transitional terrain, without having encountered the second layer of coal, which was considered a bad sign by the engineers. [4] In 1878, the sinking of the large shaft was completed. It reached a depth of 694 meters, while the small shaft reached 651 meters. [5]
It cost £9 million to realign and restructure the pit. The colliery was situated between Agecroft Road (A6044), Dell Avenue and the Manchester to Bolton railway line. The old Nos 3 and 4 shafts were reused and a new No 5 shaft sunk (2,000 feet in depth, 24 feet in diameter) for coal winding using a Koepe-type winding tower. [7]
The Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB; Polish: Górnośląskie Zagłębie Węglowe, GZW, Czech: Hornoslezská uhelná pánev) is a coal basin in Silesia, in Poland and the Czech Republic. [ 1 ] The Basin also contains a number of other minable resources, such as methane, cadmium, lead, silver and zinc.
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Headframe of the #1 Shaft at Oyuu Tolgoi. A steel headframe is less expensive than a concrete headframe; the tallest steel headframe measures 87 m. [4] Steel headframes are more adaptable to modifications (making any construction errors easier to remedy), and are considerably lighter, requiring less substantial foundations.