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The following is a declaration of the concept "equality_comparable" from the <concepts> header of a C++20 standard library. This concept is satisfied by any type T such that for lvalues a and b of type T, the expressions a==b and a!=b as well as the reverse b==a and b!=a compile, and their results are convertible to a type that satisfies the concept "boolean-testable":
C++20 is a version of the ISO/IEC 14882 standard for the C++ programming language. C++20 replaced the prior version of the C++ standard, called C++17 , and was later replaced by C++23 . [ 1 ] The standard was technically finalized [ 2 ] by WG21 at the meeting in Prague in February 2020, [ 3 ] had its final draft version announced in March 2020 ...
There was a proposal to add concepts as an explicit language feature in C++11, though it was rejected as "not ready". C++20 eventually accepted the refined design of concept. Concepts are an example of structural typing. As generics in Java and C# have some similarities to C++'s templates, the role of concepts there is played by interfaces ...
C++ (/ ˈ s iː p l ʌ s p l ʌ s /, pronounced "C plus plus" and sometimes abbreviated as CPP) is a high-level, general-purpose programming language created by Danish computer scientist Bjarne Stroustrup.
Proper use of templated classes and functions is dependent on proper documentation. Metaprogramming provides these features at the cost of added effort. Since C++20, concepts can be used to provide these features. Generic classes and functions can enforce type relationships for type parameters in their declaration.
The C++ Standard Library underwent ISO standardization as part of the C++ ISO Standardization effort in the 1990s. Since 2011, it has been expanded and updated every three years [8] with each revision of the C++ standard. Since C++23, the C++ Standard Library can be imported using modules, which were introduced in C++20.
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// A class template to express an equality comparison interface. template < typename T > class equal_comparable {friend bool operator == (T const & a, T const & b) {return a. equal_to (b);} friend bool operator!= (T const & a, T const & b) {return! a. equal_to (b);}}; // Class value_type wants to have == and !=, so it derives from // equal_comparable with itself as argument (which is the CRTP ...