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The biodiversity of tundra is low: 1,700 species of vascular plants and only 48 species of land mammals can be found, although millions of birds migrate there each year for the marshes. [9] There are also a few fish species. There are few species with large populations.
The keystone species of the tundra can be as small as a lemming to as large as a musk ox. The low biodiversity means that fluctuation in individual animals can substantially affect the entire ecosystem. The main predators of the tundra are the polar bear, the Arctic wolf, and the Arctic fox.
Invertebrates such as grasshoppers, cockroaches, beetles, and flies are found in the subpáramo. Amphibians have been well documented in páramo ecosystems, including salamanders such as Bolitoglossa species and frogs such as Pristimantis and Atelopus species. Reptiles include lizards of the genera Stenocercus, Phenacosaurus, and Proctoporus.
Reindeer live in the Arctic tundra (a frigid treeless plain) and the northern boreal woodlands that border the tundra. This type of biome is found in Alaska, Canada’s Northern Coast and islands ...
Reindeer are vital to the tundra ecosystem, as they help keep it healthy by spreading seeds, grazing and adding nitrogen to the soil. To protect the tundra and the reindeer, there are conservation ...
Alpine tundra is a type of natural region or biome that does not contain trees because it is at high elevation, with an associated harsh climate. As the latitude of a location approaches the poles, the threshold elevation for alpine tundra gets lower until it reaches sea level, and alpine tundra merges with polar tundra .
While less common than in forested areas, the species also occurs in various tundra environments. These include Dryas-Carex-moss tundra communities on the Taimyr Peninsula and mountain stony lichen tundra at elevations around 1200 m in the Stanovoe Upland. The species can also be found in areas transitioning between forest and tundra zones. [2]
Arctic vegetation is largely controlled by the mean temperature in July, the warmest month. Arctic vegetation occurs in the tundra climate, where trees cannot grow.Tundra climate has two boundaries: the snow line, where permanent year-round snow and ice are on the ground, and the tree line, where the climate becomes warm enough for trees to grow. [7]