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The Kawanishi N1K is an Imperial Japanese Navy fighter aircraft which was developed in two forms: the N1K Kyōfū (強風, "Strong Wind", Allied reporting name Rex), a floatplane designed to support forward offensive operations where no airstrips were available, and the N1K-J Shiden (紫電, "Violet Lightning", reporting name George), a land ...
The maximal total range is the maximum distance an aircraft can fly between takeoff and landing. Powered aircraft range is limited by the aviation fuel energy storage capacity (chemical or electrical) considering both weight and volume limits. [1] Unpowered aircraft range depends on factors such as cross-country speed and environmental conditions.
Distant view of the Wright airplane just after landing, taken from the starting point, with wing-rest in center of picture and launching rail at right. This flight, the fourth and final of 17 December 1903, was the longest: 852 feet (260 m) covered in 59 seconds. [15] [16] The photo was published in 1908.
Wilbur made the last and longest flight, 24.5 miles (39.4 km) in 38 minutes and 3 seconds, ending with a safe landing when the fuel ran out. The flight was seen by several invited friends, their father Milton, and neighboring farmers. [83] Wright Flyer III piloted by Orville over Huffman Prairie, October 4, 1905.
These distances are also influenced by the runway grade (slope) such that, for example, each 1 percent of runway down slope increases the landing distance by 10 percent. [ 39 ] An aircraft taking off at a higher altitude must do so at reduced weight due to decreased density of air at higher altitudes, which reduces engine power and wing lift.
In many flight dynamics applications, the Earth frame is assumed to be inertial with a flat x E,y E-plane, though the Earth frame can also be considered a spherical coordinate system with origin at the center of the Earth. The other two reference frames are body-fixed, with origins moving along with the aircraft, typically at the center of gravity.
Few airplanes can operate with conventional takeoff and vertical landing (and its subtypes STOVL, CATOVL) as the F-35B. Horizontal takeoff and vertical landing ( HTVL ) in spaceflight has not been used, but has been proposed for some systems that use a two-stage to orbit launch system with a plane based first stage, and a capsule return vehicle.
Flight Theory and Aerodynamics. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 978-0-471-37006-2. Gleim, Irving (1982). Pilot Flight Maneuvers. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Aviation Publications. ISBN 0-917539-00-1. Pilot's Encyclopedia of Aeronautical Knowledge (Federal Aviation Administration). New York: Skyhorse Publishing, 2007. ISBN 1-60239 ...