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Malingering is the fabrication, feigning, or exaggeration of physical or psychological symptoms designed to achieve a desired outcome, such as personal gain, relief from duty or work, avoiding arrest, receiving medication, or mitigating prison sentencing.
Stating that an individual is malingering can cause iatrogenic harm to patients if they are actually not exaggerating or feigning. Such iatrogenic harm may consist in delaying or denying medical attention, therapies, or insurance benefits. In the U.S. military, malingering is a court-martial offense under the Uniform Code of Military Justice.
If a patient's disease allows them to miss work, avoid military duty, obtain financial compensation, obtain drugs, avoid a jail sentence, etc., these would be examples of a secondary gain. For instance, an individual having household chores completed by someone else because they have stomach cramps would be a secondary gain.
Individuals who are found to be malingering may face legal consequences, including criminal charges, fines, or imprisonment. [22] Individuals' reputations and credibility can be impacted along with their personal and professional lives. Those found malingering can deal with difficulties when taking legal actions or dealing with future claims. [18]
Malingering differs fundamentally from factitious disorders in that the malingerer simulates illness intending to obtain a material benefit or avoid an obligation or responsibility. Somatic symptom disorders , though also diagnoses of exclusion , are characterized by physical complaints that are not produced intentionally.
The development methodology was based on several advances that the field of personality assessment was witnessing at the time. Due to the fuzzy nature of constructs (concepts) in psychology, it is very difficult to use criterion-referenced approaches, such as those used in some parts of medicine (e.g. pregnancy tests).
The Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) is a 50-question visual memory recognition test that discriminates between true memory impairment and malingering, with two learning trials and an optional retention trial following a delay. [1] It was first published in 1996 and is intended for testing individuals ages 16 and older.
Pages in category "Malingering" The following 5 pages are in this category, out of 5 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. ...