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Acamprosate, sold under the brand name Campral, is a medication which reduces alcoholism cravings. [ 1 ] [ 5 ] It is thought to stabilize chemical signaling in the brain that would otherwise be disrupted by alcohol withdrawal . [ 6 ]
Disulfiram is used as a second-line treatment, behind acamprosate and naltrexone, for alcohol dependence. [7]Under normal metabolism, alcohol is broken down in the liver by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase to acetaldehyde, which is then converted by the enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase to a harmless acetic acid derivative (acetyl coenzyme A).
A disulfiram-like drug is a drug that causes an adverse reaction to alcohol leading to nausea, vomiting, flushing, dizziness, throbbing headache, chest and abdominal discomfort, and general hangover-like symptoms among others.
In addition, “if people do return to drinking [while using naltrexone], they drink less, which can be important,” said Heinzerling, “because they might be more likely, if they have a slip-up ...
[28] [29] Rather than substituting for alcohol, these drugs are intended to affect the desire to drink, either by directly reducing cravings as with acamprosate and topiramate, or by producing unpleasant effects when alcohol is consumed, as with disulfiram. These drugs can be effective if treatment is maintained, but compliance can be an issue ...
You may need a fluoroscopic swallowing study, which involves eating or drinking while being filmed under x-ray to see how food moves in the mouth and throat, Dr. Nocerino says. An endoscopy can ...
Acamprosate has been found to be effective in alleviating some of the post acute withdrawal symptoms of alcohol withdrawal. [ 32 ] [ 33 ] Carbamazepine or trazodone may also be effective in the treatment of post acute withdrawal syndrome in regards to alcohol use.
The symptoms of alcohol withdrawal can range from mild to severe depending on the level of alcohol dependence a person has experienced. Symptoms can be behavioural (anxiety, agitation, irritability), neurological (tremor, hallucinations, increased risk of seizures), and physical (changes in heart rate, body temperature, blood pressure, nausea).