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It is a useful concept in analysis, indicating lack of an element where one might be expected. It is usually written with the symbol "∅", in Unicode U+2205 ∅ EMPTY SET (∅, ∅, ∅, ∅). A common ad hoc solution is to use the Scandinavian capital letter Ø instead. There are several kinds of zero:
There are debates surrounding its significance in language acquisition, of how language teachers should address such a period in school curriculum, and what exactly language learners are processing (or not) during such a period. The phenomena of the silent period is a theory attributed to Stephen D. Krashen. [6]
In English-speaking countries, they have integrative motivation, the desire to learn the language to fit into an English-language culture. They are more likely to want to integrate because they 1. Generally have more friends and family with English language skills. 2. Have immediate financial and economic incentives to learn English. 3.
As a result of NCLB and its emphasis on testing, the Bilingual Education Act was renamed the English Language Acquisition, Language Enhancement, and Academic Achievement Act. The name change alone of BEA under NCLB is significant in that it signals a shift in the philosophical approach to bilingual education.
Language learning, on the other hand, is studying, consciously and intentionally, the features of a language, as is common in traditional classrooms. Krashen sees these two processes as fundamentally different, with little or no interface between them. In common with connectionism, Krashen sees input as essential to language acquisition. [4]
A: Curriculum should be taught based on the state standards. Curriculum should be taught that gives the students the tools to be successful in life whether they go to college, a trade or the military.
Sheltered instruction employs various methods to support English language learners (ELLs) in comprehending content while developing language skills simultaneously. One effective approach involves the use of visual aids, such as charts, diagrams, and multimedia resources, to enhance understanding and make abstract concepts more tangible.
Immersion-Content-Based Instruction Merril Swain: Language depends on the content the learners are learning. [4] The main focus in class is learning the content delivered using a language, not learning the language itself. [4] Sometimes (implicitly) [4] mostly [4] Activities that mixes content with language [4] Form-Focused Instruction: Patsy ...