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In botany, drought tolerance is the ability by which a plant maintains its biomass production during arid or drought conditions. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Some plants are naturally adapted to dry conditions , surviving with protection mechanisms such as desiccation tolerance , detoxification , or repair of xylem embolism. [ 3 ]
Besides biotic stresses, cowpea also faces various challenges in different parts of the world such as drought, heat, and cold. [60] Drought lowers the growth rate and development, ultimately reducing yield, although cowpea is considered more drought tolerant than most other crops. [61]
Heat tolerance may be displayed alongside cold-hardiness, such as in the American Horticultural Society's "Heat Zones". See Thermoregulation § In plants and Breeding for heat stress tolerance . For drought tolerance , see Drought § Impact on crops and Breeding for drought stress tolerance .
Plants absorb water from the soil, which then evaporates from their shoots and leaves; this process is known as transpiration.If placed in a dry environment, a typical mesophytic plant would evaporate water faster than the rate of water uptake from the soil, leading to wilting and even death.
Maize (Zea mays, Poaceae) is the most widely cultivated C 4 plant.[1]In botany, C 4 carbon fixation is one of three known methods of photosynthesis used by plants. C 4 plants increase their photosynthetic efficiency by reducing or suppressing photorespiration, which mainly occurs under low atmospheric CO 2 concentration, high light, high temperature, drought, and salinity.
It is among the most heat- and drought-tolerant vegetable species in the world and will tolerate soils with heavy clay and intermittent moisture, but frost can damage the pods. In cultivation, the seeds are soaked overnight prior to planting to a depth of 1–2 cm (3 ⁄ 8 – 13 ⁄ 16 in).
Mesophytes do not have any specific morphological adaptations. They usually have broad, flat and green leaves; an extensive fibrous root system to absorb water; and the ability to develop perennating organs such as corms, rhizomes and bulbs to store food and water for use during drought. [citation needed]
The difference in production costs for mung bean and soybean is due to post-harvest cleaning and/or transportation. Overall, mung bean is considered to have market potential for its drought tolerance, and it is a food crop and not a feed crop, which can help buffer the economic risk from variability in commodity crop prices for farmers. [44]