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  2. Valve (mollusc) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valve_(mollusc)

    Bivalve molluscs (e.g. clams and oysters) have a shell which is composed of two separate but articulating parts. Each one of these two parts is known as a "valve". The two valves are known as the "right valve" and the "left valve"; these are labeled with respect to the anterior end of the bivalve, when the umbones are facing upward.

  3. Bivalve shell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bivalve_shell

    A bivalve shell is the enveloping exoskeleton or shell of a bivalve mollusc, composed of two hinged halves or valves. The two half-shells, called the "right valve" and "left valve", are joined by a ligament and usually articulate with one another using structures known as "teeth" which are situated along the hinge line.

  4. Mollusca - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mollusca

    Simplified diagram of the mollusc nervous system The cephalic molluscs have two pairs of main nerve cords organized around a number of paired ganglia, the visceral cords serving the internal organs and the pedal ones serving the foot.

  5. Circulatory system of gastropods - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circulatory_system_of...

    De-oxygenated haemolymph drains into a large venous sinus within the head and foot, which contains the nephridium, an excretory organ with a function similar to that of the vertebrate kidney. From here it passes into vessels within the gill, or into the capillary network of the pulmonate lung, before returning to the heart.

  6. Ligament (bivalve) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligament_(bivalve)

    A hinge ligament is a crucial part of the anatomical structure of a bivalve shell, i.e. the shell of a bivalve mollusk. The shell of a bivalve has two valves and these are joined by the ligament at the dorsal edge of the shell. The ligament is made of a strong, flexible and elastic, fibrous, proteinaceous material which is usually pale brown ...

  7. Fish physiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_physiology

    Males display female reproductive organs, and both sexes have reduced fertility, and a higher hatch mortality. [28] Freshwater habitats in the United States are widely contaminated by the common pesticide atrazine. [29] There is controversy over the degree to which this pesticide harms the endocrine systems of freshwater fish and amphibians ...

  8. Siphon (mollusc) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siphon_(mollusc)

    Siphons in molluscs are tube-like structures in which water (or, more rarely, air) flows. The water flow is used for one or more purposes such as locomotion, feeding, respiration, and reproduction. The siphon is part of the mantle of the mollusc, and the water flow is directed to (or from) the mantle cavity. A single siphon occurs in some ...

  9. Freshwater bivalve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freshwater_bivalve

    Freshwater bivalves are molluscs of the order Bivalvia that inhabit freshwater ecosystems. They are one of the two main groups of freshwater molluscs , along with freshwater snails . The majority of bivalve molluscs are saltwater species that live in the marine habitats , but a number of families have evolved to live in fresh water (and in some ...