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The PDF of the paper. " Why Most Published Research Findings Are False " is a 2005 essay written by John Ioannidis, a professor at the Stanford School of Medicine, and published in PLOS Medicine. [1] It is considered foundational to the field of metascience. In the paper, Ioannidis argued that a large number, if not the majority, of published ...
e. A review article is an article that summarizes the current state of understanding on a topic within a certain discipline. [1][2] A review article is generally considered a secondary source since it may analyze and discuss the method and conclusions in previously published studies. It resembles a survey article or, in news publishing ...
Science. Scientific literature encompasses a vast body of academic papers that spans various disciplines within the natural and social sciences. It primarily consists of academic papers that present original empirical research and theoretical contributions. These papers serve as essential sources of knowledge and are commonly referred to simply ...
List of academic databases and search engines. This article contains a representative list of notable databases and search engines useful in an academic setting for finding and accessing articles in academic journals, institutional repositories, archives, or other collections of scientific and other articles. Databases and search engines differ ...
Peer review is the evaluation of work by one or more people with similar competencies as the producers of the work (peers). [1] It functions as a form of self-regulation by qualified members of a profession within the relevant field. Peer review methods are used to maintain quality standards, improve performance, and provide credibility.
Grievance studies affair. The grievance studies affair was the project of a team of three authors— Peter Boghossian, James A. Lindsay, and Helen Pluckrose —to highlight what they saw as poor scholarship and erosion of standards in several academic fields. Taking place over 2017 and 2018, their project entailed submitting bogus papers to ...
Scientific writing is writing about science, with an implication that the writing is by scientists and for an audience that primarily includes peers —those with sufficient expertise to follow in detail. [1] (. The similar term "science writing" instead tends to refer to writing about a scientific topic for a general audience; this could be by ...
A rarer case of scientific misconduct is editorial misconduct, [25] where an editor does not declare conflicts of interest, creates pseudonyms to review papers, gives strongly worded editorial decisions to support reviews suggesting to add excessive citations to their own unrelated works or to add themselves as a co-author or their name to the ...