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List of cognitive biases. Cognitive biases are systematic patterns of deviation from norm and/or rationality in judgment. They are often studied in psychology, sociology and behavioral economics. [1] Although the reality of most of these biases is confirmed by reproducible research, [2][3] there are often controversies about how to classify ...
A cognitive bias is a systematic pattern of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment. [1] Individuals create their own "subjective reality" from their perception of the input. An individual's construction of reality, not the objective input, may dictate their behavior in the world. Thus, cognitive biases may sometimes lead to perceptual ...
Arbitrary inference is a classic tenet of cognitive therapy created by Aaron T. Beck in 1979. [1] He defines the act of making an arbitrary inference as the process of drawing a conclusion without sufficient evidence, or without any evidence at all. In cases of depression, Beck found that individuals may be more prone to cognitive distortions ...
Blink devotes a significant number of pages to the so-called theory of mind reading. While allowing that mind-reading can "sometimes" go wrong, the book enthusiastically celebrates the apparent success of the practice, despite hosts of scientific tests showing that claims of clairvoyance rarely beat the odds of random chance guessing. [11]
Confirmation bias (also confirmatory bias, myside bias, [a] or congeniality bias[2]) is the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms or supports one's prior beliefs or values. [3] People display this bias when they select information that supports their views, ignoring contrary information, or when ...
Jumping to conclusions (officially the jumping conclusion bias, often abbreviated as JTC, and also referred to as the inference -observation confusion[1]) is a psychological term referring to a communication obstacle where one "judge [s] or decide [s] something without having all the facts; to reach unwarranted conclusions". [2][3] In other ...
Selective exposure is a theory within the practice of psychology, often used in media and communication research, that historically refers to individuals' tendency to favor information which reinforces their pre-existing views while avoiding contradictory information. Selective exposure has also been known and defined as "congeniality bias" or ...
A different explanation for the presence of both overperception and underperception in men is the male insensitivity bias. Evidence has shown that males lack perceptual sensitivity, so they are more likely to misperceive friendliness as sexual interest, but also more likely to misperceive sexual interest as friendliness, in comparison to ...