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  2. Geostationary orbit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geostationary_orbit

    Geostationary satellites are launched to the east into a prograde orbit that matches the rotation rate of the equator. The smallest inclination that a satellite can be launched into is that of the launch site's latitude, so launching the satellite from close to the equator limits the amount of inclination change needed later. [48]

  3. Orbital mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_mechanics

    t. e. Orbital mechanics or astrodynamics is the application of ballistics and celestial mechanics to the practical problems concerning the motion of rockets, satellites, and other spacecraft. The motion of these objects is usually calculated from Newton's laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation.

  4. Geosynchronous orbit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geosynchronous_orbit

    Geosynchronous satellites are launched to the east into a prograde orbit that matches the rotation rate of the equator. The smallest inclination that a satellite can be launched into is that of the launch site's latitude, so launching the satellite from close to the equator limits the amount of inclination change needed later. [28]

  5. Satellite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite

    A satellite or artificial satellite[a] is an object, typically a spacecraft, placed into orbit around a celestial body. They have a variety of uses, including communication relay, weather forecasting, navigation (GPS), broadcasting, scientific research, and Earth observation. Additional military uses are reconnaissance, early warning, signals ...

  6. Spacecraft flight dynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacecraft_flight_dynamics

    Spacecraft flight dynamics is the application of mechanical dynamics to model how the external forces acting on a space vehicle or spacecraft determine its flight path. These forces are primarily of three types: propulsive force provided by the vehicle's engines; gravitational force exerted by the Earth and other celestial bodies; and ...

  7. Spacecraft propulsion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacecraft_propulsion

    Spacecraft propulsion. A remote camera captures a close-up view of an RS-25 during a test firing at the John C. Stennis Space Center in Hancock County, Mississippi. Spacecraft propulsion is any method used to accelerate spacecraft and artificial satellites. In-space propulsion exclusively deals with propulsion systems used in the vacuum of ...

  8. Low Earth orbit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit

    A low Earth orbit (LEO) is an orbit around Earth with a period of 128 minutes or less (making at least 11.25 orbits per day) and an eccentricity less than 0.25. [1] Most of the artificial objects in outer space are in LEO, peaking in number at an altitude around 800 km (500 mi), [2] while the farthest in LEO, before medium Earth orbit (MEO ...

  9. Orbital maneuver - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_maneuver

    Astrodynamics. In spaceflight, an orbital maneuver (otherwise known as a burn) is the use of propulsion systems to change the orbit of a spacecraft. For spacecraft far from Earth (for example those in orbits around the Sun) [clarification needed] an orbital maneuver is called a deep-space maneuver (DSM). [1]