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In calculus, the trapezoidal rule (also known as the trapezoid rule or trapezium rule) [a] is a technique for numerical integration, i.e., approximating the definite integral: (). The trapezoidal rule works by approximating the region under the graph of the function f ( x ) {\displaystyle f(x)} as a trapezoid and calculating its area.
In geometry, a trapezoid (/ ˈ t r æ p ə z ɔɪ d /) in North American English, or trapezium (/ t r ə ˈ p iː z i ə m /) in British English, [1] [2] is a quadrilateral that has at least one pair of parallel sides. [3] The parallel sides are called the bases of the trapezoid.
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Trapezium, plural trapezia, may refer to: Trapezium, in British and other forms of English, a trapezoid, a quadrilateral that has exactly one pair of parallel sides; Trapezium, in North American English, an irregular quadrilateral with no sides parallel; Trapezium (bone), a bone in the hand; Trapezium Cluster, a group of stars in the Orion Nebula
Any non-self-crossing quadrilateral with exactly one axis of symmetry must be either an isosceles trapezoid or a kite. [5] However, if crossings are allowed, the set of symmetric quadrilaterals must be expanded to include also the crossed isosceles trapezoids, crossed quadrilaterals in which the crossed sides are of equal length and the other sides are parallel, and the antiparallelograms ...
The formula for the area of a trapezoid can be simplified using Pitot's theorem to get a formula for the area of a tangential trapezoid. If the bases have lengths a, b, and any one of the other two sides has length c, then the area K is given by the formula [2] (This formula can be used only in cases where the bases are parallel.)
This is due to the bone being in a fairly protected position. Distally, it forms a stable, relatively immobile joint with the second metacarpal, radially and proximally it forms strong ligaments with the trapezium and the capitate ulnarly, scaphoid respectively. However, injury can occur through axial force applied to the second metacarpal base.
The trapezium is distinguished by a deep groove on its anterior surface. It is situated at the radial side of the carpus, between the scaphoid and the first metacarpal bone (the metacarpal bone of the thumb). It is homologous with the first distal carpal of reptiles and amphibians.