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Downside risk was first modeled by Roy (1952), who assumed that an investor's goal was to minimize his/her risk. This mean-semivariance, or downside risk, model is also known as “safety-first” technique, and only looks at the lower standard deviations of expected returns which are the potential losses.
S.M.A.R.T. (or SMART) is an acronym used as a mnemonic device to establish criteria for effective goal-setting and objective development. This framework is commonly applied in various fields, including project management, employee performance management, and personal development.
Downside risk (DR) is measured by target semi-deviation (the square root of target semivariance) and is termed downside deviation. It is expressed in percentages and therefore allows for rankings in the same way as standard deviation. An intuitive way to view downside risk is the annualized standard deviation of returns below the target.
A context diagram can also list the classifications of the external entities as one of a set of simple categories [5] (Examples: [6]), which add clarity to the level of involvement of the entity with regards to the system. These categories include: Active: Dynamic to achieve some goal or purpose (Examples: "Article readers" or "customers").
A target operating model can be a one-page document – the operating model Canvas is an example. [3] It can also be 10 pages or 100 pages. [4] If the document is more than 100 pages it becomes a manual rather than a model. Target operating models provide the vision for organisations undergoing change.
SmartDraw lets you add diagrams to Microsoft Office products including Word, PowerPoint, and Excel and Google Workspace applica like Google Docs and Google Sheets. SmartDraw has apps for Atlassian's Confluence, Jira, and Trello. SmartDraw lets users save files to Sharepoint, OneDrive, Google Drive, Dropbox, and Box.
The precedence diagram method (PDM) is a tool for scheduling activities in a project plan. It is a method of constructing a project schedule network diagram that uses boxes, referred to as nodes, to represent activities and connects them with arrows that show the dependencies. It is also called the activity-on-node (AON) method.
In cybernetics and control theory, a setpoint (SP; [1] also set point) is the desired or target value for an essential variable, or process value (PV) of a control system, [2] which may differ from the actual measured value of the variable.