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While Romanian is the only official language at the national and local level, there are over 30 living languages identified as being spoken within Romania (5 of these are indigenous). [7] The Romanian laws include linguistic rights for all minority groups that form over 20% of a locality's population based on the census from 1992.
The history of the Romanian language started in the Roman provinces north of the Jireček Line in Classical antiquity but there are 3 main hypotheses about its exact territory: the autochthony thesis (it developed in left-Danube Dacia only), the discontinuation thesis (it developed in right-Danube provinces only), and the "as-well-as" thesis that supports the language development on both sides ...
Romanians (Romanian: români, pronounced; dated exonym Vlachs) are a Romance-speaking [63] [64] [65] ethnic group and nation native to Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. [66] Sharing a common culture and ancestry, they speak the Romanian language and live primarily in Romania and Moldova.
Over half of the Roma (approx. 61%) speak Romanian as their native language, the rest (around 8-9%) speaking the Hungarian language. [76] Both the Roma and the Romanian languages are of the Indo-European language family, while the Hungarian is a Uralic one.
Romanian is taught in 13 schools in the Belgian cities of: Brussels, Liège and Mons. [10]Romanian is taught in two schools in the Irish capital Dublin. [11]Romanian is taught in 228 schools in the Italian regions of: Abruzzo, Apulia, Emilia-Romagna, Campania, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Lazio, Lombardy, Marche, Molise, Piedmont, Sardinia, Sicily, Trento, Tuscany, Umbria and Veneto.
Romanian is, among the Romance languages, the closest one to Italian. The grammatical structure preserves the Latin declensions of the feminine singular genitive and dative, vocative, the neuter gender, and the four conjugations. A facilitating factor in the acquisition of Italian by Romanians is the similarity between the phonetic systems.
Several theories, in great extent mutually exclusive, address the issue of the origin of the Romanians.The Romanian language descends from the Vulgar Latin dialects spoken in the Roman provinces north of the "Jireček Line" (a proposed notional line separating the predominantly Latin-speaking territories from the Greek-speaking lands in Southeastern Europe) in Late Antiquity.
Romania's population has declined steadily in recent decades, from a peak of 23.2 million in 1990 to 19.12 million in 2021. [10] Among the causes of population decline are high mortality, a low fertility rate since 1990, and tremendous levels of emigration. [10] In 1990, Romania's population was estimated to be 23.21 million inhabitants. [11]