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The voiced upper-pharyngeal plosive or stop is a rare consonant. Pharyngeal consonants are typically pronounced at two regions of the pharynx , upper and lower. The lower region is epiglottal , so the upper region is often abbreviated as merely 'pharyngeal'.
Epiglottal and pharyngeal consonants occur at the same place of articulation. Esling (2010) describes the sound covered by the term "epiglottal plosive" as an "active closure by the aryepiglottic pharyngeal stricture mechanism" – that is, a stop produced by the aryepiglottic folds within the pharynx. [1]
Voiced plosives are pronounced with vibration of the vocal cords, voiceless plosives without. Plosives are commonly voiceless, and many languages, such as Mandarin Chinese and Hawaiian , have only voiceless plosives.
In many Polynesian languages that use the Latin alphabet, however, the glottal stop is written with a rotated apostrophe, ʻ (called ʻokina in Hawaiian and Samoan), which is commonly used to transcribe the Arabic ayin as well (also ʽ ) and is the source of the IPA character for the voiced pharyngeal fricative ʕ .
Pharyngeal place of articulation. A pharyngeal consonant is a consonant that is articulated primarily in the pharynx.Some phoneticians distinguish upper pharyngeal consonants, or "high" pharyngeals, pronounced by retracting the root of the tongue in the mid to upper pharynx, from (ary)epiglottal consonants, or "low" pharyngeals, which are articulated with the aryepiglottic folds against the ...
The voiced epiglottal or pharyngeal trill, or voiced epiglottal fricative, [1] is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ʢ .
A voiced velopharyngeal fricative [ʩ̬] A velopharyngeal fricative trill or "snort" (much as epiglottal fricatives tend to be trilled): voiceless [𝼀] voiced [𝼀̬] Other consonants accompanied by velopharyngeal frication, such as [s͌] = [s𐞐], [5] potentially transcribed with an additional 𐞪 to overtly indicate accompanying trill.
The voiced pharyngeal approximant or fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ʕ , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is ?\. Epiglottals and epiglotto-pharyngeals are often mistakenly taken to be pharyngeal.