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An atlas for a topological space is an indexed family {(,):} of charts on which covers (that is, =). If for some fixed n , the image of each chart is an open subset of n -dimensional Euclidean space , then M {\displaystyle M} is said to be an n -dimensional manifold .
Every space treated in Section "Types of spaces" above, except for "Non-commutative geometry", "Schemes" and "Topoi" subsections, is a set (the "principal base set" of the structure, according to Bourbaki) endowed with some additional structure; elements of the base set are usually called "points" of this space. In contrast, elements of (the ...
A manifold can be constructed by giving a collection of coordinate charts, that is, a covering by open sets with homeomorphisms to a Euclidean space, and patching functions [clarification needed]: homeomorphisms from one region of Euclidean space to another region if they correspond to the same part of the manifold in two different coordinate ...
Printable version; In other projects ... especially in geometry and topology, an ambient space is the space surrounding a mathematical object along with the object ...
In mathematics, a space form is a complete Riemannian manifold M of constant sectional curvature K. The three most fundamental examples are Euclidean n -space , the n -dimensional sphere , and hyperbolic space , although a space form need not be simply connected .
Euclidean space is the fundamental space of geometry, intended to represent physical space. Originally, in Euclid's Elements , it was the three-dimensional space of Euclidean geometry , but in modern mathematics there are Euclidean spaces of any positive integer dimension n , which are called Euclidean n -spaces when one wants to specify their ...
A space M is a fine moduli space for the functor F if M represents F, i.e., there is a natural isomorphism τ : F → Hom(−, M), where Hom(−, M) is the functor of points. This implies that M carries a universal family; this family is the family on M corresponding to the identity map 1 M ∊ Hom(M, M).
A two-dimensional space is a mathematical space with two dimensions, meaning points have two degrees of freedom: their locations can be locally described with two coordinates or they can move in two independent directions. Common two-dimensional spaces are often called planes, or, more generally, surfaces. These include analogs to physical ...
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