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In law, knowledge is one of the degrees of mens rea that constitute part of a crime.For example, in English law, the offence of knowingly being a passenger in a vehicle taken without consent requires that the prosecution prove not only that the defendant was a passenger in a vehicle and that it was taken by the driver without consent, but also that the defendant knew that it was taken without ...
For these purposes, knowledge can be both actual and constructive—i.e., the court can impute knowledge where appropriate. There is no problem when the alleged criminal actually intended to cause the particular harm. Things are more difficult when the defendant denies actual knowledge. When evaluating behavior, the legal process assumes the ...
The harshness of the doctrine of constructive notice is somewhat reduced by the "Rule of Indoor management" or "Turquand's Rule". The rule derives its name from the case of Royal British Bank v Turquand, where the defendant was the liquidator of the insolvent Cameron's Coalbrook Steam, Coal and Swansea and Loughor Railway Company.
Jewell, the court held that proof of willful ignorance satisfied the requirement of knowledge as to criminal possession and importation of drugs. [ 3 ] : 225 In a number of cases in the United States of America, persons transporting packages containing illegal drugs have asserted that they never asked or were never told what the contents of the ...
The liquidator argued he was a constructive trustee, for both knowing receipt and knowing assistance. The liquidators argued his dishonesty could be inferred from his knowledge of the artificially arranged loan transactions and his unusually high-interest rate of 15%. The High Court refused recovery and refused to find him dishonest. [1]
Crystallized intelligence (g c) includes learned procedures and knowledge. It reflects the effects of experience and acculturation. It reflects the effects of experience and acculturation. Horn notes that crystallized ability is a "precipitate out of experience," resulting from the prior application of fluid ability that has been combined with ...
In law, ignorantia juris non excusat (Latin for "ignorance of the law excuses not"), [1] or ignorantia legis neminem excusat ("ignorance of law excuses no one"), [2] is a legal principle holding that a person who is unaware of a law may not escape liability for violating that law merely by being unaware of its content.
Many of the original examples from Lave and Wenger [5] concerned adult learners, and situated learning still has a particular resonance for adult education. For example, Hansman [7] shows how adult learners discover, shape, and make explicit their own knowledge through situated learning within a community of practice.