Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Boltzmann was born in Erdberg, a suburb of Vienna into a Catholic family. His father, Ludwig Georg Boltzmann, was a revenue official. His grandfather, who had moved to Vienna from Berlin, was a clock manufacturer, and Boltzmann's mother, Katharina Pauernfeind, was originally from Salzburg.
Ludwig Boltzmann, after whom Boltzmann brains are named. The Boltzmann brain thought experiment suggests that it might be more likely for a brain to spontaneously form in space, complete with a memory of having existed in our universe, rather than for the entire universe to come about in the manner cosmologists think it actually did.
Ludwig Boltzmann's diagram of the I 2 molecule proposed in 1898 showing the atomic "sensitive region" (α, β) of overlap. The earliest hints of problems in classical mechanics were raised in relation to the temperature dependence of the properties of gasses. [ 8 ]
Although Boltzmann first linked entropy and probability in 1877, the relation was never expressed with a specific constant until Max Planck first introduced k, and gave a more precise value for it (1.346 × 10 −23 J/K, about 2.5% lower than today's figure), in his derivation of the law of black-body radiation in 1900–1901. [11]
A physical thought experiment demonstrating how just the possession of information might in principle have thermodynamic consequences was established in 1929 by Leó Szilárd, in a refinement of the famous Maxwell's demon scenario [5] (and a reversal of the Joule expansion thought experiment).
The Stefan–Boltzmann law, also known as Stefan's law, describes the intensity of the thermal radiation emitted by matter in terms of that matter's temperature. It is named for Josef Stefan , who empirically derived the relationship, and Ludwig Boltzmann who derived the law theoretically.
An analogue to Boltzmann's H for the spin system can be defined in terms of the distribution of spin states in the system. In the experiment, the spin system is initially perturbed into a non-equilibrium state (high H), and, as predicted by the H theorem the quantity H soon decreases to the equilibrium value. At some point, a carefully ...
Published his theory of electromagnetism in which light was determined to be an electromagnetic wave (field) that could be propagated in a vacuum. 1877: Ludwig Boltzmann: Suggested that the energy states of a physical system could be discrete. 1879: William Crookes: Showed that cathode rays (1838), unlike light rays, can be bent in a magnetic ...