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Getting an appropriate amount of sleep each night is a form of self-care. Chronic illness (a health condition that is persistent and long lasting, often impacts one's whole life, e.g., heart failure, diabetes, high blood pressure) requires behaviors that control the illness, decrease symptoms, and improve survival such as medication adherence and symptom monitoring.
Whole Health Action Management (WHAM) is a peer-led intervention to facilitate self-management to reach whole health goals through peer coaching and support groups. [1] [2] It is a method of using peer support to support healthcare delivery, [3] and to counter high rates of chronic physical health conditions such as diabetes, heart disease and obesity among those with behavioral health diagnoses.
Self-management is the cornerstone for successful health outcomes in diabetes patients as there is a positive association between self-management behaviour and care outcomes. [3] [4] Self-management stresses the importance of the role of an individual and their responsibility in developing skilled behaviours to manage one's own illness. [5]
When a patient participates more in the decision-making process, the frequency of self-management behaviors increases, as well. [114] Self-management behaviors fall into three broad categories: health behaviors (like exercise), consumeristic behaviors (like reading the risks about a new treatment), and disease-specific management strategies. [115]
It is recommended that patient education should be the start point and underpin all self-management interventions. [18] [4] The role of patient organisations in providing support and structured guidance for people with arthritis is widely valued by professionals [18] and patients. [19]
The Patient Activation Measure (PAM) is a commercial product which assesses an individual's knowledge, skill, and confidence for managing one's health and healthcare. Individuals who measure high on this assessment typically understand the importance of taking a pro-active role in managing their health and have the skills and confidence to do so.
Patient centered care is a health care strategy that is focused on engaging patients to become more active participants in their health care. [20] The use of this strategy has shown to improve the efficiency of care, patient-doctor communication, treatment compliance, health outcomes, and decrease overall health care utilization. [1]
The ability to read and understand medication instructions is a form of health literacy. Health literacy encompasses a wide range of skills, and competencies that people develop over their lifetimes to seek out, comprehend, evaluate, and use health information and concepts to make informed choices, reduce health risks, and increase quality of life.