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Seven companies of the regiment (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 8th, and 9th) were made up of Scotch-Irish, Germans, Welsh, Manx, Free Quakers, along with loyal English whigs; from Lancaster; the 6th and 7th companies were mostly men of German and Dutch American descent, from Berks and Northampton counties.
On April 20, the 1st Pennsylvania Regiment was officially organized at the camp with Yohe commissioned as colonel and appointed commanding officer. The Washington Grays were designated as Company C while the men recruited by Heckman were assigned to company D. Commissioned as captain, Heckman was then placed in charge of that unit. [4]
His unit was known as Thompson's Pennsylvania Rifle Battalion, or the 1st Pennsylvania Regiment. After Thompson's company of Pennsylvania sharpshooters drove back a British landing-party on November 9, 1775, he was made a brigadier-general, to the displeasure of George Washington, who had reservations about Thompson's abilities.
The Middle Department was created on February 27, 1776, [4] as a military administrative district embracing New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland. When the Main Army moved from Boston to New York in April 1776 and Washington opened his headquarters in New York City, he assumed direct command of the department.
In 1775, he raised a militia company and in the fall was elected to be colonel of the 1st Pennsylvania Battalion, part of the Pennsylvania Line, however he resigned on January 20, 1776. He subsequently rejoined the army on February 22, 1776 when he was again appointed colonel. [ 4 ]
Artillery Battalion, Pennsylvania Militia {Artillery Batteries of the Associated Regiment of Foot of Philadelphia}, 1747; 1st Battalion Flying Camp, 1776 [8] 1st Battalion of Bedford County Militia, 1777 [8] 1st Battalion of Chester County Militia, 1776–77 [8] 1st Battalion of Cumberland County Militia, 1776–77 [8]
The German Battalion assembled at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania between 6 July and 25 September 1776. The unit was made up of five companies from eastern Pennsylvania and two companies each from Frederick and Baltimore Counties in Maryland. On 23 September the battalion was assigned to George Washington's main army. [11]
As of January 1, 1781, the states were made responsible for regiments in other branches as follows: 1st and 3rd Legionary Corps (formerly 1st and 3d Light Dragoons): Virginia; 2d Legionary Corps (2nd Light Dragoons): Connecticut; and 4th Legionary Corps (4th Light Dragoons): Pennsylvania — 1st Artillery: Virginia; 2d Artillery: New York; 3d ...