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The polygenic theories of multiple human origins, supported by Robert Knox in his book The Races of Men, were firmly rejected by Charles Darwin who, following James Cowles Prichard, generally agreed on a single African origin for the entire human species. [citation needed]
In paleoanthropology, the recent African origin of modern humans or the "Out of Africa" theory (OOA) [a] is the most widely accepted [1] [2] [3] model of the geographic origin and early migration of anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens).
Recent theories have given rise to labels such as the naturalistic and materialistic body. The former, which sociologist Chris Shilling advocated, focuses on the idea that there is a biological explanation and basis for human behavior. [16] This is demonstrated in the suggestion that human behavior is explained by and encoded within the gene. [14]
Studies of the human genome using machine learning have identified additional genetic contributions in Eurasians from an "unknown" ancestral population potentially related to the Neanderthal-Denisovan lineage. [258] A map of early human migrations. There are still differing theories on whether there was a single exodus from Africa or several.
paleoanthropology and paleontology of both human and non-human primates; primatology and primate ethology; the sociocultural evolution of human behavior, including phylogenetic approaches to historical linguistics; the cultural anthropology and sociology of humans; the archaeological study of human technology and of its changes over time and space
[8] [9] Given evidence from Africa and the Middle East, a variety of hypotheses have been put forth to describe an earlier, gradual transition from simple to more complex human behavior. Some authors have pushed back the appearance of fully modern behavior to around 80,000 years ago or earlier in order to incorporate the South African data. [27]
Polygenism is a theory of human origins which posits the view that the humans are of different origins (polygenesis).This view is opposite to the idea of monogenism, which posits a single origin of humanity.
Psychological behaviorism is a form of behaviorism—a major theory within psychology which holds that generally human behaviors are learned—proposed by Arthur W. Staats. The theory is constructed to advance from basic animal learning principles to deal with all types of human behavior, including personality, culture, and human evolution.