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A material take off (MTO) is the process of analyzing the drawings and determining all the materials required to accomplish the design. Thereafter, the material take off is used to create a bill of materials (BOM). Procurement and requisition are activities that occur after the bill of materials is complete, distinct from Inspection.
In the United States construction industry, contract agreements are usually written to allow the owner to withhold (retain) the final payment to the general contractor as "retainage". [3] The contractor is bound by the contract to complete a list of contract items, called a punch list, in order to receive final payment from the owner.
This involves reviewing the project's plans and specifications to produce a take-off or quantity survey, which is a listing of all the materials and items of work required for a construction project by the construction documents. Together with prices for these components, the measured quantities are the basis for calculation of the direct cost.
With BIM quantity take-off can be conducted almost automatically given that the type of materials, their quantity and price is included in the model. [2] It is known that construction projects often run overtime and over budget and one of the reasons is lack of accuracy in quantity takeoff and estimates. [3] [2]
The Construction Specifications Institute maintains the following industry standards: MasterFormat – 50 standard divisions of building materials - 2004 edition (current in 2009) 16 Divisions – Original 16 divisions of building materials
The 16 Divisions of construction, as defined by the Construction Specifications Institute (CSI)'s MasterFormat, is the most widely used standard for organizing specifications and other written information for commercial and institutional building projects in the U.S. and Canada.
A Allocation of costs is the transfer of costs from one cost item to one or more other cost items. Allowance - a value in an estimate to cover the cost of known but not yet fully defined work. As-sold estimate - the estimate which matches the agreed items and price for the project scope. B Basis of estimate (BOE) - a document which describes the scope basis, pricing basis, methods ...
Shop drawings are required, in various forms, depending upon the practice of the architect and engineer. A specific number of copies may be required by the specification. An example distribution of the completed and corrected shop drawings may include the: Owner—file or inspection copy; Architect—file copy
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