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Custody transfer of liquid flow measurement follow guidelines set by the ISO. By industrial consensus, liquid flow measurement is defined as having an overall uncertainty of ±0.25% or better. The overall uncertainty is derived from an appropriate statistical combination of the component uncertainties in the measurement system.
Gas exchange is the physical process by which gases move passively by diffusion across a surface. For example, this surface might be the air/water interface of a water body, the surface of a gas bubble in a liquid, a gas-permeable membrane, or a biological membrane that forms the boundary between an organism and its extracellular environment.
Pressure in blanketed tanks is maintained by self actuating pressure control valves (PCVs). As liquid is withdrawn from the tank the pressure in the gas space falls. The blanket gas supply valve opens to maintain the pressure. As the tank fills with liquid the pressure rises and a vent gas valve open to vent gas to atmosphere or a vent system. [11]
A gas syringe is a piece of laboratory glassware used to insert or withdraw a volume of a gas from a closed system, or to measure the volume of gas evolved from a chemical reaction. [1] A gas syringe can also be used to measure and dispense liquids, especially where these liquids need to be kept free from air. [2]
Universal detectors typically measure a bulk property (e.g., refractive index) by measuring a difference of a physical property between the mobile phase and mobile phase with solute while selective detectors measure a solute property (e.g., UV-Vis absorbance) by simply responding to the physical or chemical property of the solute. [56]
Photosynthesis systems function by measuring gas exchange of leaves. Atmospheric carbon dioxide is taken up by leaves in the process of photosynthesis, where CO 2 is used to generate sugars in a molecular pathway known as the Calvin cycle. This draw-down of CO 2 induces more atmospheric CO 2 to diffuse through stomata into the air spaces of the ...
Capillary flow porometry permits obtaining several parameters and information in one individual and fast measurement. In general, a measurement with the wet sample (impregnated with wetting liquid) is carried out first. It is normally known as the "wet run" and the representation of the gas flow vs. the applied pressure is the so-called "wet ...
pressure of a liquid or gas in a closed tube ruler: for measuring length saccharometer: amount of sugar in a solution seismometer: seismic waves (for example, earthquakes) sextant: location on Earth's surface (used in naval navigation) spectrometer: properties of light spectrophotometer: intensity of light as a function of wavelength speedometer