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The eight principles are a core concept of traditional Chinese medicine based on Confucianism. The identification and differentiation of syndromes according to the eight principles is one of the earliest examples of critical and deductive thinking for diagnosis. [1] The eight principles are:
Axline identified eight core principles of CCPT: The therapeutic relationship must be engaging, inviting, and warm from the beginning. The child must be unconditionally accepted by the therapist. The therapeutic environment must be totally non-judgmental for the child to feel uninhibited and willing to express emotions, feelings, and behaviors.
Generally, the first and most important step in pattern diagnosis is an evaluation of the present signs and symptoms on the basis of the "Eight Principles" (八纲; bā gāng). [32] [74] These eight principles refer to four pairs of fundamental qualities of a disease: exterior/interior, heat/cold, vacuity/repletion, and yin/yang. [74]
Developmentally appropriate practice (DAP) emphasizes what is known about children and what can be done about individual children as a basis of decision-making when it comes to instruction and care. [3] It recognizes that children's needs and abilities change over time and depend on universal laws governing these to determine the propriety of ...
Using the principles of evidence-based medicine to research acupuncture is controversial, and has produced different results. [70] Some research suggests acupuncture can alleviate pain but the majority of research suggests that acupuncture's effects are mainly due to placebo. [8] Evidence suggests that any benefits of acupuncture are short ...
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The attempt to create a unified method of child mental health care led to the increase of child guidance clinics in England throughout the mid-twentieth century. [2] The spread of clinics across Europe coincided with the absence of hospital care as the lack of distinction between child and adult psychiatry prevented further analysis of child diagnosis and treatment. [2]
Children present a unique challenge in trauma care because they are so different from adults - anatomically, developmentally, physiologically and emotionally. A 2006 study concluded that the risk of death for injured children is lower when care is provided in pediatric trauma centers rather than in non-pediatric trauma centers.