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Coaxial cable, or coax (pronounced / ˈ k oʊ. æ k s /), is a type of electrical cable consisting of an inner conductor surrounded by a concentric conducting shield, with the two separated by a dielectric (insulating material); many coaxial cables also have a protective outer sheath or jacket.
Equivalent circuit of an unbalanced transmission line (such as coaxial cable) where: 2/Z o is the trans-admittance of VCCS (Voltage Controlled Current Source), x is the length of transmission line, Z(s) ≡ Z o (s) is the characteristic impedance, T(s) is the propagation function, γ(s) is the propagation "constant", s ≡ j ω, and j 2 ≡ −1.
In geometry, coaxial means that several three-dimensional linear or planar forms share a common axis. The two-dimensional analog is concentric. Common examples: A coaxial cable has a wire conductor in the centre (D), a circumferential outer conductor (B), and an insulating medium called the dielectric (C) separating these two conductors. The ...
Four stages of skin effect in a coax showing the effect on inductance. Diagrams show a cross-section of the coaxial cable. Color code: black = overall insulating sheath, tan = conductor, white = dielectric, green = current into the diagram, blue = current coming out of the diagram, dashed black lines with arrowheads = magnetic flux (B). The ...
By holding the conductors a known distance apart, the geometry is fixed and the line characteristics are reliably consistent. It is lower loss than coaxial cable because the characteristic impedance of twin-lead is generally higher than coaxial cable, leading to lower resistive losses due to the reduced current.
DC power transmission through a coaxial cable showing relative strength of electric and magnetic fields and resulting Poynting vector (=) at a radius r from the center of the coaxial cable. The broken magenta line shows the cumulative power transmission within radius r , half of which flows inside the geometric mean of R 1 and R 2 .
The term coaxial comes from the inner conductor and the outer shield sharing a geometric axis. Coaxial cable was invented by English physicist, engineer, and mathematician Oliver Heaviside, who patented the design in 1880. [3] Coaxial cable is a type of transmission line, used to carry high frequency electrical signals with low losses.
The characteristic impedance of coaxial cables (coax) is commonly chosen to be 50 Ω for RF and microwave applications. Coax for video applications is usually 75 Ω for its lower loss. See also: Nominal impedance § 50 Ω and 75 Ω
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