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The Collegiate Learning Assessment (CLA) is a standardized testing initiative in United States higher educational evaluation and assessment. It uses a "value-added" outcome model to examine a college or university's contribution to student learning which relies on the institution, rather than the individual student, as the primary unit of analysis.
Afrikaans Language: AS Level only CIE 8680: Arabic Language: AS Level only CIE 8681: Chinese Language: AS Level only CIE 8682: French Language: AS Level only CIE 8683: German Language: AS Level only CIE 8684: Portuguese Language: AS Level only CIE 8685: Spanish Language: AS Level only CIE 8686: Urdu language: AS Level only; available in ...
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Cambridge Assessment English or Cambridge English develops and produces Cambridge English Qualifications and the International English Language Testing System ().The organisation contributed to the development of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), the standard used around the world to benchmark language skills, [2] and its qualifications and tests are aligned with ...
In linguistics, critical language awareness (CLA) refers to an understanding of social, political, and ideological aspects of language, linguistic variation, and discourse. It functions as a pedagogical application of a critical discourse analysis (CDA), which is a research approach that regards language as a social practice. [ 1 ]
Cambridge English Qualifications are a graduated series of exams designed to assess competency in English for learners of English as a second or foreign language.The Cambridge English Qualifications are based on the candidate's scoring on the Cambridge English Scale which is a single range of scores used to report results for Cambridge English Language Assessment exams.
Michigan Language Assessment (MLA), also known as [needs update] the Cambridge–Michigan Language Assessment (CaMLA) and previously the "English Language Institute Testing and Certification Division at the University of Michigan", has been providing English language assessments, learning resources, teacher development, consultancy and research since 1941.
Comparison between the exams Cambridge English: Young Learners and the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. Cambridge English: Young Learners, formerly known as Young Learners English Tests (YLE), is a suite of English language tests that is specially designed for children in primary and lower-secondary school.