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One has a hyperboloid of revolution if and only if =. Otherwise, the axes are uniquely defined (up to the exchange of the x-axis and the y-axis). There are two kinds of hyperboloids. In the first case (+1 in the right-hand side of the equation): a one-sheet hyperboloid, also called a hyperbolic hyperboloid.
For example, in thermodynamics the isothermal process explicitly follows the hyperbolic path and work can be interpreted as a hyperbolic angle change. Similarly, a given mass M of gas with changing volume will have variable density δ = M / V , and the ideal gas law may be written P = k T δ so that an isobaric process traces a hyperbola in the ...
The Gudermannian function gives a direct relationship between the circular functions and the hyperbolic functions that does not involve complex numbers. The graph of the function a cosh(x/a) is the catenary, the curve formed by a uniform flexible chain, hanging freely between two fixed points under uniform gravity.
The Weierstrass coordinates of a point are the Cartesian coordinates of the point when the point is mapped in the hyperboloid model of the hyperbolic plane, the x-axis is mapped to the (half) hyperbola ( , , +) and the origin is mapped to the point (0,0,1). [1]
Hyperbolic motions can also be described on the hyperboloid model of hyperbolic geometry. [ 1 ] This article exhibits these examples of the use of hyperbolic motions: the extension of the metric d ( a , b ) = | log ( b / a ) | {\displaystyle d(a,b)=\vert \log(b/a)\vert } to the half-plane and the unit disk .
One can take the hyperboloid to represent the events (positions in spacetime) that various inertially moving observers, starting from a common event, will reach in a fixed proper time. The hyperbolic distance between two points on the hyperboloid can then be identified with the relative rapidity between the two corresponding observers.
where (h, k) is the center of the ellipse in Cartesian coordinates, in which an arbitrary point is given by (x, y).The semi-major axis is the mean value of the maximum and minimum distances and of the ellipse from a focus — that is, of the distances from a focus to the endpoints of the major axis
The metric of the model on the half-plane, { , >}, is: = + ()where s measures the length along a (possibly curved) line. The straight lines in the hyperbolic plane (geodesics for this metric tensor, i.e., curves which minimize the distance) are represented in this model by circular arcs perpendicular to the x-axis (half-circles whose centers are on the x-axis) and straight vertical rays ...