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Gene Cernan on the Moon in the Apollo 17 lander with lunar dust stuck on his suit. Lunar dust is highly abrasive and can cause damage to human lungs, nervous, and cardiovascular systems. [1] Lunar habitation is any human habitation on the Moon. [2] Lunar habitation is provided by surface habitats, possibly as part of a moonbase. [3]
Planetary habitability in the Solar System is the study that searches the possible existence of past or present extraterrestrial life in those celestial bodies. As exoplanets are too far away and can only be studied by indirect means, the celestial bodies in the Solar System allow for a much more detailed study: direct telescope observation, space probes, rovers and even human spaceflight.
While humans can breathe pure oxygen, usually additional gases such as nitrogen are included in the breathing mix. One possibility is to use in situ nitrogen and argon from the atmosphere of Mars, but they are hard to separate from each other. [63] As a result, a Mars habitat may use 40% argon, 40% nitrogen, and 20% oxygen. [63]
In recent years, there has been an increase in research on the issue of how humans can survive and work in space for extended and possibly indefinite periods of time. This question requires input from the physical and biological sciences and has now become the greatest challenge (other than funding) facing human space exploration. A fundamental ...
A Mars habitat is a hypothetical place where humans could live on Mars. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Mars habitats would have to contend with surface conditions that include almost no oxygen in the air , extreme cold, low pressure, and high radiation. [ 4 ]
Human explorers may be potential carriers back to Earth of microorganisms acquired on Mars, if such microorganisms exist. [45] Another issue is the contamination of the water supply by Earth microorganisms shed by humans in their stools, skin and breath, which could have a direct effect on the long-term human colonization of Mars. [8]
Mars-1 was the first spacecraft launched to Mars in 1962, [265] but communication was lost while en route to Mars. With Mars-2 and Mars-3 in 1971–1972, information was obtained on the nature of the surface rocks and altitude profiles of the surface density of the soil, its thermal conductivity, and thermal anomalies detected on the surface of ...
The atmosphere of Mars is a resource of known composition available at any landing site on Mars. It has been proposed that human exploration of Mars could use carbon dioxide (CO 2) from the Martian atmosphere to make methane (CH 4) and use it as rocket fuel for the return mission.