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A number of features distinguish the plethodontids from other salamanders. Most significantly, they lack lungs, conducting respiration through their skin, and the tissues lining their mouths. [3] Some species of cave salamanders are neotenic, and keep their larval gills even as adults. Gills are absent in all other adult plethodontids. [13]
The external gills seen in salamanders differs greatly from that of amphibians with internalized gills. Unlike amphibians with internalized gills which typically rely on the changing of pressures within the buccal and pharyngeal cavities to ensure diffusion of oxygen onto the gill curtain, neotenic salamanders such as Necturus use specified ...
[15] [16] The common mudpuppy never leaves its aquatic environment and therefore does not undergo morphogenesis; however, many salamanders do and develop differentiated teeth. [17] Aquatic salamander teeth are used to hinder escape of the prey from the salamander; they do not have a crushing function. [17] This aids the salamander when feeding.
Many species within this group (including the nominal species) are commonly known as "slimy salamanders", characterized by a large size, robust build and black-and-white coloration. Not all members of the Plethodon glutinosus group are labelled as slimy salamanders, and species delimitation among slimy salamanders and their close relatives is a ...
Amphiuma is a genus of aquatic salamanders from the United States, [2] the only extant genus within the family Amphiumidae / æ m f ɪ ˈ juː m ɪ d iː /. [3] They are colloquially known as amphiumas. [2]
E. nana is an aquatic salamander. It does not leave the water to change into a terrestrial form, but rather matures in the water. As a neotenic form, E. nana retains its gills for its lifetime. The San Marcos salamander has a narrow head with a round snout, large eyes, and a dark iris. External gills are developed and pigmented. 2–6 ...
External gills are the gills of an animal, most typically an amphibian, that are exposed to the environment, rather than set inside the pharynx and covered by gill slits, as they are in most fishes. Instead, the respiratory organs are set on a frill of stalks protruding from the sides of an animal's head. The axolotl has three pairs of external ...
Bolitoglossa is a genus of lungless salamanders, also called mushroom-tongued salamanders, [1] tropical climbing salamanders, [2] or web-footed salamanders, [3] in the family Plethodontidae. [ 1 ] [ 4 ] Their range is between northern Mexico through Central America to Colombia , Venezuela , Ecuador , Peru , northeastern Brazil , and central ...