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Pia mater (/ ˈpaɪ.ə ˈmeɪtər / or / ˈpiːə ˈmɑːtər /), [1] often referred to as simply the pia, is the delicate innermost layer of the meninges, the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Pia mater is medieval Latin meaning "tender mother". [1] The other two meningeal membranes are the dura mater and the arachnoid mater.
Dura mater. In neuroanatomy, dura mater is a thick membrane made of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. It is the outermost of the three layers of membrane called the meninges that protect the central nervous system. The other two meningeal layers are the arachnoid mater and the pia mater.
In anatomy, the meninges (/ məˈnɪndʒiːz /, [1][2] sg.: meninx (/ ˈmiːnɪŋks / or / ˈmɛnɪŋks / [3]), from Ancient Greek μῆνιγξ (mēninx) 'membrane' [4]) are the three membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord. In mammals, the meninges are the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. Cerebrospinal fluid is ...
The outermost membrane, the dura mater, is a thick durable membrane, which is attached to both the arachnoid membrane and the skull. In bacterial meningitis, bacteria reach the meninges by one of two main routes: through the bloodstream (hematogenous spread) or through direct contact between the meninges and either the nasal cavity or the skin.
The arachnoid mater is interposed between the two other meninges, the more superficial (closer to the surface) and much thicker dura mater and the deeper pia mater, from which it is separated by the subarachnoid space. The delicate arachnoid layer is not attached to the inside of the dura but against it and surrounds the brain and spinal cord.
Denticulate ligaments (also known as dentate ligaments) are lateral projections of the spinal pia mater [1] forming triangular-shaped ligaments that anchor the spinal cord along its length to the dura mater on each side. [2] There are usually 21 denticulate ligaments on each side, with the uppermost pair occurring just below the foramen magnum ...
Leptomeningeal collaterals lie within the leptomeninges, the two deep layers of the meninges called the pia mater and the arachnoid mater. [4] Their diameter has been measured at approximately 300 micrometers, [ 5 ] but there is variability between individuals in the size, quantity and location of these vessels, and between either hemisphere ...
The optic nerve is ensheathed in all three meningeal layers (dura, arachnoid, and pia mater) rather than the epineurium, perineurium, and endoneurium found in peripheral nerves. Fiber tracts of the mammalian central nervous system have only limited regenerative capabilities compared to the peripheral nervous system. [4]