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Mineral (nutrient) Carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme that requires zinc (gray sphere near the center of this image), is essential for exhalation of carbon dioxide. In the context of nutrition, a mineral is a chemical element. Some "minerals" are essential for life, but most are not. [1][2][3] Minerals are one of the four groups of essential ...
Molybdenum is an essential element in most organisms; a 2008 research paper speculated that a scarcity of molybdenum in the Earth's early oceans may have strongly influenced the evolution of eukaryotic life (which includes all plants and animals). [82] At least 50 molybdenum-containing enzymes have been identified, mostly in bacteria.
Copper [5] Chlorine. Selenium. Manganese. Molybdenum. Cobalt (as a component of vitamin B 12) Fluorine. Iodine [6] Silicon [7]
Selenium is a component of the amino acids selenocysteine and selenomethionine. In humans, selenium is a trace element nutrient that functions as cofactor for glutathione peroxidases and certain forms of thioredoxin reductase. [1] Selenium-containing proteins are produced from inorganic selenium via the intermediacy of selenophosphate (PSeO 3 3 ...
Micronutrient. Micronutrients are essential dietary elements required by organisms in varying quantities to regulate physiological functions of cells and organs. [1][2] Micronutrients support the health of organisms throughout life. [3][4][5] In varying amounts supplied through the diet, micronutrients include such compounds as vitamins and ...
The molybdenum cofactor (pictured) is composed of a molybdenum-free organic complex called molybdopterin, which has bound an oxidized molybdenum (VI) atom through adjacent sulfur (or occasionally selenium) atoms. Except for the ancient nitrogenases, all known Mo-using enzymes use this cofactor. Molybdate is transported in the body as MoO 42−.
selenium: 34: 4: Selenium, which is an essential element for animals and prokaryotes and is a beneficial element for many plants, is the least-common of all the elements essential to life. [3] [62] Selenium acts as the catalytic center of several antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase, [10] and plays a wide variety of other ...
Metallothionein (MT) is a family of cysteine -rich, low molecular weight (MW ranging from 500 to 14000 Da) proteins. They are localized to the membrane of the Golgi apparatus. MTs have the capacity to bind both physiological (such as zinc, copper, selenium) and xenobiotic (such as cadmium, mercury, silver, arsenic, lead) heavy metals through ...