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Similarly, in a series, any finite rearrangements of terms of a series does not change the limit of the partial sums of the series and thus does not change the sum of the series: for any finite rearrangement, there will be some term after which the rearrangement did not affect any further terms: any effects of rearrangement can be isolated to ...
An infinite series of any rational function of can be reduced to a finite series of polygamma functions, by use of partial fraction decomposition, [8] as explained here. This fact can also be applied to finite series of rational functions, allowing the result to be computed in constant time even when the series contains a large number of terms.
In mathematics, summation is the addition of a sequence of numbers, called addends or summands; the result is their sum or total.Beside numbers, other types of values can be summed as well: functions, vectors, matrices, polynomials and, in general, elements of any type of mathematical objects on which an operation denoted "+" is defined.
The geometric series on the real line. In mathematics, the infinite series 1 / 2 + 1 / 4 + 1 / 8 + 1 / 16 + ··· is an elementary example of a geometric series that converges absolutely. The sum of the series is 1. In summation notation, this may be expressed as
The sum of the series is a random variable whose probability density function is close to for values between and , and decreases to near-zero for values greater than or less than . Intermediate between these ranges, at the values ± 2 {\displaystyle \pm 2} , the probability density is 1 8 − ε {\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{8}}-\varepsilon } for ...
A particularly useful case is the sequence = for all . In this case, A ( x ) = ⌊ x + 1 ⌋ {\displaystyle A(x)=\lfloor x+1\rfloor } . For this sequence, Abel's summation formula simplifies to
Computation of the sum 2 + 5 + 8 + 11 + 14. When the sequence is reversed and added to itself term by term, the resulting sequence has a single repeated value in it, equal to the sum of the first and last numbers (2 + 14 = 16). Thus 16 × 5 = 80 is twice the sum.
Given a series Σa n, if its Euler transform converges to a sum, then that sum is called the Euler sum of the original series. As well as being used to define values for divergent series, Euler summation can be used to speed the convergence of series. Euler summation can be generalized into a family of methods denoted (E, q), where q ≥ 0. The ...