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  2. Lift-to-drag ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lift-to-drag_ratio

    In aerodynamics, the lift-to-drag ratio (or L/D ratio) is the lift generated by an aerodynamic body such as an aerofoil or aircraft, divided by the aerodynamic drag caused by moving through air. It describes the aerodynamic efficiency under given flight conditions. The L/D ratio for any given body will vary according to these flight conditions.

  3. Automotive aerodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_aerodynamics

    Automotive aerodynamics differs from aircraft aerodynamics in several ways: The characteristic shape of a road vehicle is much less streamlined compared to an aircraft. The vehicle operates very close to the ground, rather than in free air. The operating speeds are lower (and aerodynamic drag varies as the square of speed).

  4. Lift-induced drag - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lift-induced_drag

    A wing of infinite span and uniform airfoil segment (or a 2D wing) would experience no induced drag. [11] The drag characteristics of a wing with infinite span can be simulated using an airfoil segment the width of a wind tunnel. [12] An increase in wingspan or a solution with a similar effect is one way to reduce induced drag.

  5. Automobile drag coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_drag_coefficient

    The term drag area derives from aerodynamics, where it is the product of some reference area (such as cross-sectional area, total surface area, or similar) and the drag coefficient. In 2003, Car and Driver magazine adopted this metric as a more intuitive way to compare the aerodynamic efficiency of various automobiles.

  6. Airfoil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airfoil

    on a cambered airfoil, the aerodynamic center lies exactly one quarter of the chord behind the leading edge, but the position of the center of pressure moves when the angle of attack changes. the slope of the lift coefficient versus angle of attack line is 2 π {\displaystyle 2\pi \!} units per radian.

  7. Lift coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lift_coefficient

    A lifting body is a foil or a complete foil-bearing body such as a fixed-wing aircraft. C L is a function of the angle of the body to the flow, its Reynolds number and its Mach number. The section lift coefficient c l refers to the dynamic lift characteristics of a two-dimensional foil section, with the reference area replaced by the foil chord ...

  8. Aspect ratio (aeronautics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspect_ratio_(aeronautics)

    It is a better measure of the aerodynamic efficiency of an aircraft than the wing aspect ratio. It is defined as: = where is span and is the wetted surface. Illustrative examples are provided by the Boeing B-47 and Avro Vulcan. Both aircraft have very similar performance although they are radically different.

  9. Oswald efficiency number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswald_efficiency_number

    For conventional fixed-wing aircraft with moderate aspect ratio and sweep, Oswald efficiency number with wing flaps retracted is typically between 0.7 and 0.85. At supersonic speeds, Oswald efficiency number decreases substantially. For example, at Mach 1.2 Oswald efficiency number is likely to be between 0.3 and 0.5. [1]