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  2. Human taxonomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_taxonomy

    The informal taxonomic rank of race is variously considered equivalent or subordinate to the rank of subspecies, and the division of anatomically modern humans (H. sapiens) into subspecies is closely tied to the recognition of major racial groupings based on human genetic variation. A subspecies cannot be recognized independently: a species ...

  3. Race (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(biology)

    It has been used as a higher rank than strain, with several strains making up one race. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Races may be genetically distinct populations of individuals within the same species , [ 4 ] or they may be defined in other ways, e.g. geographically, or physiologically. [ 5 ]

  4. Tinbergen's four questions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinbergen's_four_questions

    How vs. why questions: Proximate view How an individual organism's structures function Ontogeny (development) Developmental explanations for changes in individuals, from DNA to their current form Mechanism (causation) Mechanistic explanations for how an organism's structures work Ultimate (evolutionary) view

  5. Taxonomy (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)

    Naming and classifying human surroundings likely began with the onset of language. Distinguishing poisonous plants from edible plants is integral to the survival of human communities. Medicinal plant illustrations show up in Egyptian wall paintings from c. 1500 BC , indicating that the uses of different species were understood and that a basic ...

  6. Human - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human

    There is disagreement if certain extinct members of the genus, namely Neanderthals, should be included as a separate species of humans or as a subspecies of H. sapiens. [12] Human is a loanword of Middle English from Old French humain, ultimately from Latin hūmānus, the adjectival form of homō ('man' – in the sense of humanity). [14]

  7. Human behavior - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_behavior

    Human behavior is the potential and expressed capacity (mentally, physically, and socially) of human individuals or groups to respond to internal and external stimuli throughout their life. Behavior is driven by genetic and environmental factors that affect an individual.

  8. Strain (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strain_(biology)

    A strain is a genetic variant or subtype of a microorganism (e.g., a virus, bacterium or fungus). For example, a "flu strain" is a certain biological form of the influenza or "flu" virus. These flu strains are characterized by their differing isoforms of surface proteins.

  9. Homo - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaic_humans

    Homo (from Latin homō 'human') is a genus of great ape (family Hominidae) that emerged from the genus Australopithecus and encompasses only a single extant species, Homo sapiens (modern humans), along with a number of extinct species (collectively called archaic humans) classified as either ancestral or closely related to modern humans; these include Homo erectus and Homo neanderthalensis.