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The Runway Awareness and Advisory System (RAAS) is an electronic detection system that notifies aircraft flight crews on the ground of their position relative to their allocated runway. It is a type of Runway Situation Awareness Tool (RSAT).
Warning time can also be short if the aircraft is flying into steep terrain since the downward-looking radio altimeter is the primary sensor used for the warning calculation. The EGPWS improves terrain awareness and warning times by introducing the Terrain Display and the Terrain Data Base Look Ahead protection. [citation needed]
ICAO Doc 9830 defines A-SMGCS as follows: Advanced surface movement guidance and control system (A-SMGCS). A system providing routing, guidance and surveillance for the control of aircraft and vehicles in order to maintain the declared surface movement rate under all weather conditions within the aerodrome visibility operational level (AVOL) while maintaining the required level of safety.
The "runway condition" is a runway's current status in relation to current meteorological conditions and air safety. Dry: the surface of the runway is clear of water, snow or ice. Damp: change of color on the surface due to moisture. Wet: the surface of the runway is soaked but there are no significant patches of standing water.
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Runway overrun (also known as an overshoot) – a type of excursion where the aircraft is unable to stop before the end of the runway (e.g. Air France Flight 358, TAM Airlines Flight 3054, Air India Express Flight 812). Runway incursion – an incident involving incorrect presence of a vehicle, person or another aircraft on the runway (e.g ...
Ringed by mountains, Bhutan’s Paro International Airport (PBH) is widely considered one of the most technically difficult plane landings in the world. This airport landing is so challenging only ...
Almost all runways are reversible, and aircraft use whichever runway in whichever direction is best suited to the wind. In light and variable wind conditions, the direction of the runway in use might change several times during the day, or there may be a preferred “calm wind runway”, possibly because it’s longer. [1]