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Hyperbolic space, developed independently by Nikolai Lobachevsky, János Bolyai and Carl Friedrich Gauss, is a geometric space analogous to Euclidean space, but such that Euclid's parallel postulate is no longer assumed to hold. Instead, the parallel postulate is replaced by the following alternative (in two dimensions):
However, the entire hyperbolic plane cannot be embedded into Euclidean space in this way, and various other models are more convenient for abstractly exploring hyperbolic geometry. There are four models commonly used for hyperbolic geometry: the Klein model , the Poincaré disk model , the Poincaré half-plane model , and the Lorentz or ...
A definition of a -hyperbolic space is then a geodesic metric space all of whose geodesic triangles are -slim. This definition is generally credited to Eliyahu Rips . Another definition can be given using the notion of a C {\displaystyle C} -approximate center of a geodesic triangle: this is a point which is at distance at most C {\displaystyle ...
Hyperbolic space is embedded isometrically in Minkowski space; that is, the hyperbolic distance function is inherited from Minkowski space, analogous to the way spherical distance is inherited from Euclidean distance when the n-sphere is embedded in (n+1)-dimensional Euclidean space. Other models of hyperbolic space can be thought of as map ...
Hyperbolic equilibrium point p is a fixed point, or equilibrium point, of f, such that (Df) p has no eigenvalue with absolute value 1. In this case, Λ = {p}.More generally, a periodic orbit of f with period n is hyperbolic if and only if Df n at any point of the orbit has no eigenvalue with absolute value 1, and it is enough to check this condition at a single point of the orbit.
Hyperbolic motions are often taken from inversive geometry: these are mappings composed of reflections in a line or a circle (or in a hyperplane or a hypersphere for hyperbolic spaces of more than two dimensions). To distinguish the hyperbolic motions, a particular line or circle is taken as the absolute.
In mathematics, hyperbolic complex space is a Hermitian manifold which is the equivalent of the real hyperbolic space in the context of complex manifolds. The complex hyperbolic space is a Kähler manifold , and it is characterised by being the only simply connected Kähler manifold whose holomorphic sectional curvature is constant equal to -1.
The Cayley graph of a free group with two generators. This is a hyperbolic group whose Gromov boundary is a Cantor set. Hyperbolic groups and their boundaries are important topics in geometric group theory, as are Cayley graphs. The (6,4,2) triangular hyperbolic tiling. The triangle group corresponding to this tiling has a circle as its Gromov ...